粒度粒形分析技术用于3D打印球形金属粉末的球形度和卫星化测定——兼议GB/T 39251—2020  

Measurement of the sphericity and satellity of 3D printing metal powder by imaging particle size analysis——with argument on GB/T39251—2020

作　　者：刘文莉 杨正红 王莘泉 LIU Wenli;YANG Zhenghong;WANG Xinquan(Insearch Technology Development Beijing Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 102208,China)

机构地区：[1]仪思奇(北京)科技发展有限公司,北京102208

出　　处：《粉末冶金材料科学与工程》2022年第5期559-568,共10页Materials Science and Engineering of Powder Metallurgy

摘　　要：3D打印球形金属粉末的粒度粒形特征对于成形后的零件性质有很大影响。因此探索恰当的粒度粒形参数指标以对3D打印球形金属粉末进行质量控制至关重要。3D打印球形金属粉末粗细粒级按一定的比例混合能够有效地提高产品强度和表面质量,但是传统的激光衍射法不能准确地表征多粒群粉体的粒度分布,而图像法则能够轻易地解决这个问题。3D打印球形金属粉末的球形度和卫星化程度是粒形研究的重点,但球形度实际是一组具有宏观形状、介观形状和微观形状的多层级表征参数,不能用某一个参数来完整表征。本文针对3D打印球形金属粉末,提出图像法测量粒度的仪器(Occhio 500nano XY)和方法,并与传统激光衍射法进行了比较。提出两个微观形状定量参数——钝度和赘生物指数是3D打印金属粉末球形度的最适用评价参数,并阐述了这些参数的含义和区分度。指出了钝度是最灵敏的球形度表征参数之一,赘生物指数则可以反映球体颗粒的卫星化程度,而GB/T39251—2020中建议的圆形度参数,对颗粒的形状变化极不灵敏,不宜作为3D打印球形粉末的质量控制参数。The particle size and shape characteristics of 3D printed spherical metal powder have a great influence on the properties of formed parts. Therefore, it is very important to explore appropriate particle size and shape parameters to control the quality of 3D printing spherical metal powder. Mixing the coarse and fine particle size of 3D printing metal powder in a certain proportion can effectively improve the product strength and quality on the surface. In fact, the traditional laser diffraction method is difficult to distinguish the multi particle groups of powder samples, while the image particle sizing analysis an easy solution. The sphericity and satellitized degree of 3D printing powder are the focus of particle shape research, but the sphericity is actually distinguished by three corresponding levels of shape including macroshape, mesoshape and microshape, which isdifficultto be completely characterized by a certain parameter. In this paper, the instrument(Occhio 500nano XY) and method of measuring particle size by imaging method are proposed for 3D printing spherical metal powder, and compared with the traditional laser diffraction method. It is proposed that Bluntness and Outgrowth index, two unique quantitative microshape parameters are the most suitable evaluation parameters for the sphericity of 3D printing metal powder which were described the meaning and indicated the discrimination. It is proved that Bluntness is one of the most sensitive sphericity characterization parameters, and Outgrowth index can reflect the satellitized degree of spherical particles quantitatively. However, the circularity recommended by GB/T39251—2020 is extremely insensitive to shape modification, and not suitable to be used for powder quality control as an only parameter.

关 键 词：3D打印 图像法 球形度 卫星化 钝度 赘生物指数 圆形度 

分 类 号：TB44[一般工业技术]