贵州马鞍山遗址1986年出土石制品初步研究  

A preliminary study of the stone artifacts unearthed from the Ma’anshan site of Guizhou province in 1986

作　　者：胡晓纯 高星[1,2,3] HU Xiaochun;GAO Xing(Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology andPaleoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044;CAS Center for Excellence in Life and Paleoenvironment,Beijing 100044;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,北京100044 [2]中国科学院生物演化与环境卓越创新中心,北京100044 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《人类学学报》2022年第5期788-803,共16页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：中国科学院战略性先导科技专项B类(XDB26000000)。

摘　　要：马鞍山遗址1986年发掘区的地层分为9层,根据沉积间断可划归为上下两大文化层。上文化层包含第2至第6层,堆积年代约为15 kaBP-36 kaBP;下文化层包含第7至第8层,堆积年代约为53 kaBP。共发掘出土石制品1292件。遗址上下文化层在主体原料、石制品大小、石核剥片技术和石器修理技术上存在一定差异,但整体上仍属同一文化系统。下文化层以硅质灰岩砾石为主要原料,石制品以小型和中型为主,采用锤击法剥片,石器主要以石片为毛坯。上文化层则以燧石结核、岩块为主要原料,石制品以微型和小型为主,主要采用锤击法,存在少量垂直砸击法和锐棱砸击法制品;石器毛坯以断块为主,修理主要采用硬锤锤击修理,可能存在压制修理技术。该遗址对于探讨晚更新世晚期贵州古人类的石制品技术特点及其在云贵高原的多样化适应方式等具有重要意义。The Ma’anshan site,located in Tongzi county,Zunyi city,Guizhou province,was discovered in 1980 and excavated in 1981,1986 and 1990.The Ma’anshan site is a Late Pleistocene cave site in Yun-Gui plateau,which is famous for yielding the oldest formal bone tools in South China.However,lithic materials from the Ma’anshan site have yet been fully analyzed after the excavation.This paper preliminarily reports 1292 pieces of stone artifacts unearthed in situ and numbered by layers in the 1986 excavation.The excavation area in 1986 reaches nearly 25 m~2,and uncovers 9 depositional layers which is divided into two cultural units separated by a depositional hiatus.The lower unit consists of depositional depositional layer 7 and layer 8,and the upper unit consists of layer 2 to layer 6.C and AMSC dating on bone samples and U-series dating on cervid tooth indicate that the age of the lower unit dates back to 53 kaBP and the upper unit is around 36-15 kaBP.The stone artifacts excavated from upper and lower units display differences in the aspects of raw material,size,core debitage reduction and tool retouch technology.First,the main raw materials of lower unit are siliceous limestone pebbles,however,chert nodules or blocks are the main raw materials of upper unit.Second,partly affected by size of raw materials,the stone artifact of lower unit are mainly small type in length(20≤L<50 mm)and medium type(50≤L<100 mm),but those of upper unit are mainly micro type(L<20 mm)and small type.Third,direct percussion is the dominate debitage technique adopted by ancient human at the Ma’anshan site.Nevertheless,apart from direct percussion,we identified a small number of vertical hammer bipolar flaking and ridged hammer bipolar flaking products from the upper unit,but not in the lower unit.The various debitage methods identified from the upper unit probably indicate ancient human can employ a diversity of debitage methods to process different raw materials.Fourth,blanks of tools from the lower unit are mainly flakes,while chunks

关 键 词：马鞍山遗址 贵州 晚更新世晚期 石制品 

分 类 号：K876.2[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]