易地扶贫搬迁的减贫效应与机制  

The Implementation Effects and Mechanism of Poverty Alleviation Through Relocation

作　　者：刘明月 冯晓龙 张崇尚[1] 仇焕广[3] LIU Mingyue;FENG Xiaolong;ZHANG Chongshang;QIU Huanguang

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业经济与发展研究所 [2]中国农业大学经济管理学院 [3]中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院

出　　处：《中国农村观察》2022年第5期61-79,共19页China Rural Survey

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年项目“易地扶贫搬迁户返贫风险评估与阻断机制研究--基于多维贫困脆弱性视角”(编号:72003185);国家自然科学基金国际合作研究项目“易地扶贫搬迁的社会经济与环境影响评估”(编号:71861147002);中国农业科学院所级基本业务费“社会融入视角下易地扶贫搬迁社区治理路径研究”(编号:1610052022021)的资助。

摘　　要：易地扶贫搬迁是脱贫攻坚的“头号工程”,探究其减贫效应与机制,既对“十四五”时期巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果、有效衔接乡村振兴具有重要意义,又有利于讲好易地扶贫搬迁故事、分享中国脱贫经验。本文从“贫”“困”“主观贫困”3个方面阐述易地扶贫搬迁对贫困户的多维减贫机理,进而利用8省(区)16县1009户的3期面板数据分析易地扶贫搬迁的多维减贫效应及机制。研究发现:在多维贫困临界值k为0.3的情况下,贫困户的多维贫困指数从2016年的0.308下降到2020年的0.009,其中,贫困发生率的下降幅度要大于平均被剥夺份额的下降幅度;易地扶贫搬迁能显著降低贫困户的多维贫困水平,而且搬迁时间越长,这一效果越显著;易地扶贫搬迁主要通过改善贫困户的教育、健康和生活水平来提升家庭的发展能力,进而缓解其多维贫困中的“困”。鉴于此,乡村振兴阶段的易地扶贫搬迁仍需加强后续扶持工作,促进安置区产业可持续发展以及就业充分稳定,以提高搬迁群众的收入水平;促进安置区基础设施提档升级以及公共服务提质扩面,以提升搬迁群众的发展能力;加强安置区治理体系建设以及思想文化建设,以增加搬迁群众的主观福利。Poverty alleviation through relocation(PAR)is the“number one project”for poverty alleviation in China.Exploring its implementation effects and mechanism is not only of great significance for consolidating and expanding the achievements in poverty alleviation and effectively connecting rural revitalization during the“14th Five-year Plan”period,but also conducive to telling the story of China’s PAR and sharing China’s experience in poverty alleviation.This article constructs the multidimensional poverty reduction mechanism of PAR for poor households from three aspects of“economic poverty”,“capacity poverty”and“subjective poverty”,and evaluates the effects and mechanism of PAR,using the panel data collected from 1009 households in 16 counties of 8provinces.The results show that,firstly,when the critical value of multidimensional poverty k was 0.3,the multidimensional poverty index of poor households decreased from 0.308 in 2016 to 0.009 in 2020,in which the decline of poverty incidence rate was greater than the decrease in the average degree of deprivation.Secondly,the PAR can significantly reduce the multidimensional poverty level of poor households,and the longer the relocation time was,the more significant the effect was.Thirdly,the PAR has mainly improved the development ability of poor households by improving their education,health and living standards,thereby alleviating their“capacity poverty”.Accordingly,in the stage of rural revitalization,it is still necessary to strengthen follow-up support policies to promote the sustainable development of the industries and employment stability in the resettlement areas in order to improve the income level of the relocated people.The government should promote the upgrading of infrastructure and public services provision in the resettlement areas so as to improve the development ability of the relocated people.The government should equally strengthen the community governance system and cultural construction in order to enhance the subjective w

关 键 词：易地扶贫搬迁 收入贫困 多维贫困 主观贫困 减贫 

分 类 号：F323.8[经济管理—产业经济]