黑龙江省东部山区杨桦次生林改造对林地水源涵养功能的影响  

Effects of Reformation on the Function of Water Conservation of Polar-Birch Natural Secondary Forest Stand in Eastern Mountain Area of Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：廖春光[1] 郭树平 刘忠玲 LIAO Chunguang(Heilongjiang Academy of Forestry,Heilongjiang Harbin 150081)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省林业科学研究院,黑龙江哈尔滨150081 [2]黑龙江省林业科学研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《林业科技》2022年第6期48-54,共7页Forestry Science & Technology

基　　金：黑龙江省森工总局计划(sgzjY2016005);国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD07B03)。

摘　　要：以黑龙江省东部山区杨桦天然次生林为研究对象,采用室内浸水和环刀浸泡法,研究抚育间伐(弱伐、强伐、皆伐)补植红松15年后林分枯落物蓄积量和持水特性,土壤物理性质和持水特性。结果表明:(1)杨桦天然次生林枯落物厚度为3.6~8.3 cm,枯落物蓄积量为6.10~8.68 t/hm^(2),枯落物有效拦蓄量为9.51~15.39 t/hm^(2)。枯落物持水量与浸水时间呈对数函数关系(R2>0.9722),吸水速率与浸水时间呈幂函数关系(R2>0.9996)。枯落物有效拦蓄量排序为对照>弱伐>强伐>皆伐,且对照显著高于强伐和皆伐(p<0.05)。(2)在0~30 cm土层范围内,随土壤深度加深,土壤容重逐渐增加,总孔隙度逐渐减小。土壤有效持水量为153.80~414.43 t/hm^(2),排序为强伐>皆伐>对照>弱伐,且强伐显著高于其他样地(p<0.05)。(3)林分有效持水量总和为164.04~424.13 t/hm^(2),相当于16.4~42.4 mm的降水,排序为强伐>皆伐>对照>弱伐。采用综合评价法对不同抚育强度的杨桦林水源涵养功能进行比较,排序为强伐>对照>皆伐>弱伐。综合结果表明,杨桦天然次生林伐除2/3后补植红松水源涵养功能最优。The poplar-birch natural secondary forest was surveyed after 15 years of thinning(low intensity thinning,high intensity thinning,clear-cutting)and replanting Korean Pine to study the storage and water-holding capacity of litter,physical properties and water holding properties of soil by soaking method and cutting ring method in Qingshan Forest Farm,Linkou Forestry Bureau,Heilongjiang Province.The results showed that:(1)The litter thickness of poplar-birch natural secondary forest was 3.6~8.3 cm,and the litter storage was 6.10~8.68 t/hm^(2),the effective water interception capacity was at range of 9.51~15.39 t/hm^(2).The water-holding capacity of litter had a logarithmic relation with soaking time(R2>0.9722),and water absorption rate showed a power function with soaking time(R2>0.9996).The order of effective water interception capacity was CK>low intensity thinning>high intensity thinning>clear-cutting,and CK was significantly higher than high intensity thinning and clear cutting(P<0.05).With the deepening of the soil,soil bulk density was increased and the total porosity was decreased within 0~30 cm depth.The soil effective water-holding capacity was 153.80~414.43 t/hm^(2),showing high intensity thinning>clear-cutting>CK>low intensity thinning,and high intensity thinning was significantly higher than the others(P<0.05).The total effective water holding capacity of different stands was 164.04~424.13 t/hm^(2),which was equivalent to 16.4~42.4 mm rainfall,showing high intensity thinning>clear-cutting>CK>low intensity thinning.The comprehensive evaluation method was used to compare the water conservation function of poplar-birch forest with different thinning intensities,the order was high intensity thinning>CK>clear-cutting>low intensity thinning.The comprehensive results showed that the water conservation function of poplar-birch natural secondary forest with thinning intensity of 2/3 and replanting Korean Pine was the best.

关 键 词：森林水文 持水特性 枯落物 土壤 杨桦次生林 

分 类 号：S715.3[农业科学—林学] S792.153