克拉玛依油田高盐采油废水人工湿地环境及其生态效应  

Environmental and ecological effects of constructed wetland with high-salt oil production wastewater in Kelamayi oilfield

作　　者：张珍珠 花昱伉 王兴华 王雨 孟晶[3] 许玉琳 周志威 李倩倩[3] 毕磊[3] 刘艳伟 苏贵金[3] 史斌 ZHANG Zhenzhu;HUA Yukang;WANG Xinghua;WANG Yu;MENG Jing;XU Yulin;ZHOU Zhiwei;LI Qianqian;BI Lei;LIU Yanwei;SU Guijin;SHI Bin(Petro China Xinjiang Oilfield Company,Karamay 830000,China;Oil and Gas Field Environmental Protection and Energy Conservation Engineering Research Center of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Karamay 830000,China;Key Laboratory of Environmental Nanotechnology and Health Effects,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100085,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆油田公司实验检测研究院,克拉玛依834000 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区油气田环保节能工程研究中心,克拉玛依834000 [3]环境纳米技术与健康效应重点实验室中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085

出　　处：《生态学报》2022年第20期8461-8470,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察(2019QZKK0682)。

摘　　要：作为生态系统中较为脆弱的一种,荒漠区生物种类具有显著的地域特征,高盐采油废水的排放会对荒漠生态系统造成一定的影响。以克拉玛依油田某外排水人工湿地为研究对象,采用等距离布点原则布设12个样方,通过地理探测器和聚类分析识别出湿地影响区域和背景区域,分析了两区域内土壤理化性质、植物多样性,并分析了盐分生态风险评估。结果表明:采油废水排放对周围土壤含水率影响较大,背景点位含水率在6.5%以下,湿地影响点位含水率在12%—30%;对土壤全盐量的影响不显著,土壤含盐量呈现从西北到东南方向递增的规律;在整个研究区域发现8个物种,其中4个物种在两区域内都存在,但是植物生长状况差异明显,受湿地影响区域的植被盖度变化范围更大,在1%—40%之间,未受影响区域的植被盖度均在20%以下;通过毒性效应分析得到盐分的预测无效应浓度为83.04 g/kg,实际浓度与其相比,风险熵小于1,盐分的暴露尚未引起生态风险。As one of the fragile ecosystems, the biological species in desert area have obviously regional characteristics. The discharge of high salt oil production wastewater has certain influence on desert ecosystem. In this paper, the constructed wetland in Karamay oilfield as the research object, and 12 quadrangles were collected by equidistant distribution principle. The area of effected by constructed wetland and the area of background were separated by GeoDetector and cluster analysis. The physicochemical properties of soil, the plant diversity and their ecological risks of soil salinity in these two areas were assessed. The results showed that the drainage of oil production wastewater had great influence on the surrounding soil moisture content. The moisture content of the background site was below 6.5% while that of the wetland affected site was 12%—30%. The drainage of oil production wastewater has not significantly affected on the total soil salinity, and the soil salt content increased from northwest to southeast in the whole study area. There were 8 species in the whole study area, 4 of which were common species in the two regions, but there were significant differences in plant growth status between the two regions. The vegetation coverage varied widely in wetland affected areas, ranging from 1% to 40%, while that of the unaffected area was below 20%. In this ecosystem, the predicted no-effect concentration of salt was 83.04 g/kg through the toxicity effect analysis. Compared with the actual concentration, the risk entropy was less than 1, and the exposure of salt did not cause the ecological risk.

关 键 词：采油废水 人工湿地 高盐度 生物多样性 生态风险 

分 类 号：X741[环境科学与工程—环境工程]