贩卖毒品罪停止形态认定重构--以“买入即既遂”为考察对象  

Reconstruction of the Identification of the Criminal Cessation Pattern of Drug Trafficking Crime:Regarding"Having Bought should be Considered Having Accomplished"

作　　者：张印 Zhang Yin(Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学刑事法律科学研究院,北京100089

出　　处：《贵州警察学院学报》2022年第5期34-44,共11页Journal of Guizhou Police College

摘　　要：将“以贩卖为目的收买毒品的行为”认定为贩卖毒品罪既遂,超出“贩卖”的词义射程,引发诸多风险。《禁毒解释》对于“贩卖”内涵的界定并非完全意义的标准犯罪构成。单一模式下应以“契约说”为“着手”标准,以“交易说”为“完成”标准,同时排除控制下交付的交易属性;复合模式下应基于行为人已与买家达成合意的推定,认定其与卖家达成契约构成“着手”,与卖家进行交易实现“完成”。应结合行为人所处阶段及其预防必要性,依据处罚原则所赋予的自由裁量权综合确定刑罚尺度,由此实现停止形态认定和量刑的精细化,贯彻罪刑法定和罪责刑相适应原则。The"act of buying drugs for the purpose of trafficking"is recognized as the completion of the crime of drug trafficking,which exceeds the range of the meaning of"trafficking",causing many risks.The definition of the connotation of"trafficking"in the judicial interpretation is not a standard crime constitution in a complete sense.In the simple mode,we should take the contract as the"start"standard,take the"transaction"as the"completion"standard,and exclude the transaction attributes of controlled delivery.Under the compound mode,based on the presumption that the actor has reached an agreement with the buyer,it should be determined that the contract with the seller constitutes"starting"and the transaction with the seller to achieve"completion".We should combine the actor’s stage and its necessity of prevention,comprehensively determine the penalty scale according to the discretion given by the punishment principle,so as to realize the refinement of criminal cessation pattern identification and sentencing,and implement the principle of punishment based on the crime and the balance between the crime and the punishment.

关 键 词：贩卖毒品罪 停止形态 司法推定 罪责刑相适应 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]