基于统计数据及细观试验的铸铁压缩破坏力学机制  

Mechanical Mechanism of Compression Failure of Cast Iron Based on Statistical Data and Mesostructure

作　　者：刘华博 段翠芳 张春梅 孟凡净 花少震 LIU Huabo;DUAN Cuifang;ZHANG Chunmei;MENG Fanjing;HUA Shaozhen(School of Mechanical Engineering,Henan Institute of Technology,Xinxiang 453003,China)

机构地区：[1]河南工学院机械工程学院,河南新乡453003

出　　处：《河南工学院学报》2022年第5期1-4,共4页Journal of Henan Institute of Technology

基　　金：河南省科技攻关项目(212102210432);河南省高等学校重点科研项目(21A130001)。

摘　　要：常温、静载下的轴向压缩试验是材料力学中最基本的试验,然而对铸铁压缩破坏断面法线与轴线所成角度却有不同的论述。文章基于河南工学院材料力学实验室铸铁压缩破坏试件进行了统计分析,得出了铸铁压缩破坏强度、压缩变形量、破坏断面法线与轴线所成角度等值均存在一个区间,并不稳定;基于莱卡显微镜对铸铁拉伸断面及压缩断面分别进行了观察,发现铸铁拉伸和压缩断面存在显著区别,拉伸破坏断面表现出颗粒坑洼状,压缩破坏断面光亮平滑,可以得出铸铁压缩破坏的原因是剪切应力导致;基于库伦准则对铸铁破裂断面角度进行了分析,当内摩擦角取值0°到30°时,破坏断面法线与轴线角度范围为45°到60°,与实验室统计数据一致。The axial compression test under normal temperature and static load is the most basic test in material mechanics. However, the angle between the compression failure section of cast iron and the axis is discussed differently in the current teaching materials. This paper combs the discussion on the angle between the compression failure section and the axis of cast iron in the current textbook of material mechanics;Based on the statistical analysis of cast iron compression failure specimens in the material mechanics laboratory of Henan Institute of technology, it is concluded that there is an interval in the compression failure strength, compression deformation and section inclination of cast iron, which is not stable;Based on Leica microscope, the tensile section and compression section of cast iron are observed respectively. It is found that there are significant differences between tensile section and compression section of cast iron. The tensile failure section shows particle crater shape, and the compression failure section is bright and smooth. It can be concluded that the compression failure of cast iron is caused by shear stress;Based on Coulomb criterion, the fracture section angle of cast iron is analyzed. When the internal friction angle of cast iron is 0°to 30°, the failure section angle ranges from 45°to 60°,which is consistent with laboratory statistics.

关 键 词：铸铁 单轴压缩 细观结构 破裂角度 

分 类 号：TG115.5[金属学及工艺—物理冶金]