湖南怀化盆地岩溶发育特征与分布规律  

Karst development characteristics and distribution law in Huaihua basin,Hunan Province

作　　者：吴远斌 刘之葵[1] 殷仁朝[2] 杨建兴 罗伟权 雷明堂[2] 戴建玲[2] 潘宗源[1,2] WU Yuanbin;LIU Zhikui;YIN Renchao;YANG Jianxing;LUO Weiquan;LEI Mingtang;DAI Jianling;PAN Zongyuan(College of Civil Engineering and Architecture^Guilin University of Technology,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;Institute of Karst Geology,CAGS/Key Laboratory ofKarst Dynamic y MNR&GZAR/Key Laboratory qfKarst Collapse Prevention,CGS,Guilin,Guangxi 541004,China;407 Geological Party of Hunan Province,Huaihua,Hunan 418000,China)

机构地区：[1]桂林理工大学土木与建筑工程学院,广西桂林541004 [2]中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所/自然资源部、广西岩溶动力学重点实验室/中国地质调查局岩溶塌陷防治重点实验室,广西桂林541004 [3]湖南省地质矿产勘查开发局四零七地质队,湖南怀化418000

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2022年第5期759-772,807,共15页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：中国地质调查项目(DD20221637,DD20190266,DD20160254);国家自然科学基金项目(41867039,42077273,41877300);中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所基本科研业务费项目(2020002,2020016)。

摘　　要：怀化盆地位于沅麻盆地和雪峰山冲断带2个构造单元接触带上,区内地质构造条件复杂,岩溶强烈发育。文章以区内碳酸盐岩为研究对象,通过资料收集、野外调查、钻探以及测试等工作手段分析空间上的地层、岩性组合特征,从岩溶形态、地层与岩性、构造条件、侵蚀基准面、地貌与水动力条件、可溶岩与非可溶岩接触带六个方面,系统总结怀化盆地岩溶发育特征。结果发现:研究区以覆盖型岩溶区为主,区内各类岩溶形态发育;区内自高向低存在三个溶蚀最发育段,其标高分别为500~600 m、210~270 m以及190~210 m,分别受历史侵蚀基准面、泸阳-怀化-中方谷地局部侵蚀基准面与舞水河侵蚀基准面控制;区内各地层钻孔遇洞率一般为57.1%~61.5%,最高为87.5%;谷地内各地层岩溶发育强度依次为厚层灰岩>白云岩>红层灰砾岩>薄层灰岩,但受地貌、水动力条件影响,溶蚀构造峰脊洼区的白云岩岩溶发育明显较谷地内更为强烈;舞水河沿岸、断层带附近、可溶岩与非可溶岩接触带以及山前冲洪积区等地下水交替循环强烈的地带,岩溶发育相对更为剧烈;区内岩溶强发育区主要分布于泸阳-城东新区、白沙-菜门溪一带。Huaihua basin is located at the center of the marginal areas of Hunan, Hubei, Chongqing, Guizhou and Guangxi. Shanghai-Kunming high-speed railway, Zhangjiajie-Jishou-Huaihua high-speed railway, Huaihua-Guilin high-speed railway(under planning), Chongqing-Huaihua high-speed railway and Huaihua-Shaoyang-Hengyang highspeed railway converge in Huaihua basin in the shape of Chinese character "mi", which makes Huaihua City a new national comprehensive transportation hub.Located in the zone of temperate subtropical monsoon climate, the study area is humid with abundant rainfall.The average rainfall over the year is 1,326.3 mm, with the maximum of 1,663 mm. Rainfall is mainly concentrated in April to August, accounting for more than 70% of the average annual precipitation. The landforms of the study area are mainly middle and low mountains and karst valleys. In the west is Zhongpo mountain-Shiziyan mountain range, and in the east is Liangshan mountain range. The overall topography is high in the northwest and southeast, and low in the middle, showing a basin form spreading in the NNE to NNE. The pure carbonate strata in the study area from old to new sequence are middle Dapu formation of Carboniferous(Cd), upper Maping formation(CPm), middle Qixia formation of Permian(Pq), Maokou formation(Pm), upper Wujiaping formation(Pw), second section of lower Daye formation of Triassic(Td~2), and lower Shimen formation of Cretaceous(Ks). The regional structure in the area belongs to the Neocathaysian tectonic system, which is located in the contact zone of thrust-fold belt between the Yuanma basin and the Xuefengshan. The main structure in the area is the north(north) east compressive structure, and the others are associated structures.The geological structure of Huaihua basin is very complex and karst is strongly developed. However, the previous studies mainly focus on the basic introduction of karst development characteristics in a small area. In addition, the 1∶50,000 regional geological-and-hydrogeological survey has not yet

关 键 词：怀化盆地 岩溶塌陷 岩溶发育 钻孔遇洞率 水动力条件 

分 类 号：P642.25[天文地球—工程地质学]