广西桂林市围产儿出生缺陷现状调查分析  

Investigation and analysis of birth defects status in perinatal infants in Guilin,Guangxi Province

作　　者：方祎茗 曾建娟 赵超超 韦彩云 张小英 Fang Yiming;Zeng Jianjuan;Zhao Chaochao;Wei Caiyun;Zhang Xiaoying(Department of Environment and Occupational,Public Health,Guilin Medical University,Guangxi,Guilin 541199,China;Health Department,Guilin Maternal and Child Health Hospital,Guangxi,Guilin 541199,China;The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Exposure Mics and Entire Lifecycle Heath,Guangxi,Guilin 541199,China;Guangxi Health Commission Key Laboratory of Entire Lifecycle Health and Care,Guangxi,Guilin 541199,China)

机构地区：[1]桂林医学院公共卫生学院环境卫生与职业卫生教研室,广西桂林541199 [2]桂林市妇幼保健院保健部,广西桂林541001 [3]广西环境暴露组学与全生命周期健康重点实验室,广西桂林541199 [4]广西桂林市全生命周期健康保健研究重点培育实验室,广西桂林541199

出　　处：《发育医学电子杂志》2022年第6期440-446,共7页Journal of Developmental Medicine (Electronic Version)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(82160620);广西科技计划项目(AD19245006);大学生创新训练项目(202110601027)。

摘　　要：目的分析广西桂林市2018年1月至2020年12月的出生缺陷围产儿个案信息,了解出生缺陷发生情况。方法对2018年至2020年广西桂林市所有监测医院的《出生缺陷儿登记卡》信息进行统计,采集围产儿病历资料信息,并对出生缺陷监测数据及发生情况进行描述性统计分析。统计学方法采用例数、百分比和构成比率等。结果2018年1月至2020年12月,桂林市围产儿共147817例,围产儿出生缺陷共2003例,其发生率为135.51/万,出生缺陷的发生率每年递增。常见的出生缺陷前3位是:先天性心脏病、多指(趾)和并指(趾),先天性心脏病为首位,发生率为34.30/万,占总出生缺陷的25.31%。孕龄以30~34岁孕母的出生缺陷构成比最高(34.55%,692/2003),且先天性心脏病随产妇年龄升高构成比有增长趋势。乡村地区的出生缺陷构成比高于城镇地区[(63.70%,1276/2003)与(36.30%,727/2003)]。男性围产儿出生缺陷发生率高于女性围产儿[(59.06%,1183/2003)与(40.79%,817/2003)]。在诊断中,活产儿产后7 d内发现的构成比较高(93.58%,1720/1838),以临床诊断方法为主(68.93%,1267/1838);非活产儿中,产前诊断发现的构成比较高(87.88%,145/165),以超声诊断方法为主(60.61%,100/165)。结论2018年1月至2020年12月广西桂林市围产儿出生缺陷发生率总体水平较低,但具有上升趋势,先天性心脏病位于首位。From January 2018 to December 2020,the information of Birth Defects Registration Card of all monitoring hospitals in Guilin,Guangxi Province and medical records of perinatal infants were compiled.Descriptive statistical analysis was performed on the monitoring data and occurrence of birth defects.The number of cases,percentage and constituent ratio were used for statistical analysis.Result From January 2018 to December 2020,a total of 147817 perinatal infants were enrolled in Guilin,including 2003 perinatal birth defects.The incidence of birth defects was 135.51/10000,which was increasing every year.The top three common birth defects were congenital heart disease(CHD),polydactyly and synpolydactyly.Of which CHD was the first,with an incidence of 34.30/10000,accounting for 25.31%of the total birth defects.Furthermore,the prevalence of birth defects of pregnant women aged 30-34 years was the highest(34.55%,692/2003),and the prevalence of CHD increased with the increase of maternal age.The constituent ratio of birth defects in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas[(63.70%,1276/2003)vs(36.30%,727/2003)].And the prevalence of birth defects in male perinatal infant was higher than that in female[(59.06%,1183/2003)vs(40.79%,817/2003)].As for diagnosis time,most live birth defects were diagnosed in the time period of"postpartum diagnosis within 7 days"(93.58%,1720/1838),which was mainly diagnosed by clinical methods(68.93%,1267/1838).While most birth defects of non-live births were diagnosed in the period of"prenatal diagnosis"(87.88%,145/165),which was mainly diagnosed by ultrasound diagnosis methods(60.61%,100/165).Conclusion From January 2018 to December 2020,the incidence of perinatal birth defects in Guilin,Guangxi Province is generally low,but has a rising trend.CHD is the leading birth defect.

关 键 词：围产儿 出生缺陷 监测 发生率 活产儿 先天性心脏病 

分 类 号：R72[医药卫生—儿科]