甲咪唑烟酸对水稻田土壤微生物数量及土壤酶活性的影响  

Effects of Imazapic on Soil Microbial Communities and Soil Enzyme Activities in Paddy Fields

作　　者：孙丽丽 黎婉玲 张纯[2] 顾文杰 李雅莹 卢钰升 姜礼尧 王丹 SUN Lili;LI Wanling;ZHANG Chun;GU Wenjie;LI Yaying;LU Yusheng;JIANG Liyao;WANG Dan(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of South Region Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Recycling and Farmland Conservation/Guangdong Engineering Research Center of Soil Microbiology and Cultivated Land Conservation,Guangzhou 510640,China;Plant Protection Research Institute,Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Guangdong Key Laboratory of High Technology for Plant Protection,Guangzhou 510640,China;Maoming Branch Center of Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agricultural Science and Technology,Maoming 525000,China)

机构地区：[1]广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室/广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室/广东省土壤微生物与耕地保育工程技术研究中心,广东广州510640 [2]广东省农业科学院植物保护研究所/广东省植物保护新技术重点实验室,广东广州510640 [3]岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室茂名分中心,广东茂名525000

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2022年第10期87-95,共9页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广东省科技计划项目(2019B121201003,2021B1212050022);广州市科技计划项目(201904010262,202002020075);广东省农业科学院农业优势产业学科团队建设项目(202121TD);广东省农业科学院科技创新战略专项资金(高水平农科院建设)-人才项目(R2019PY-QF010)。

摘　　要：【目的】监测除草剂甲咪唑烟酸对稻田土壤可培养微生物数量、除草剂耐受菌数量及土壤酶活性的影响,为施用除草剂对农田土壤生态的影响提供参考依据。【方法】采用平板计数法监测水直播和旱直播模式稻田土壤可培养微生物及除草剂耐受菌数量。土壤脲酶活性采用苯酚钠-次氯酸钠比色法测定,土壤磷酸酶活性采用磷酸苯二钠比色法测定,过氧化物酶活性采用邻苯三酚-乙醚提取法测定,土壤过氧化氢酶活性采用高锰酸钾滴定法测定。【结果】在种植一茬水稻后,水直播模式甲咪唑烟酸除草处理土壤过氧化物酶活性显著提升30%,旱直播模式甲咪唑烟酸除草处理脲酶活性显著提升136.2%,酸性磷酸酶活性显著提升9.6%。两种直播模式甲咪唑烟酸除草处理较人工除草处理真菌总数差异不显著。水直播模式甲咪唑烟酸处理细菌总数及除草剂耐受细菌数量分别下降28.7%、29.5%,放线菌总数下降2 4.2%,除草剂耐受放线菌数量下降40.7%;旱直播模式甲咪唑烟酸处理对细菌影响不大,放线菌总数下降26.7%,除草剂耐受放线菌数量下降45.9%。【结论】水直播模式施用甲咪唑烟酸能够有效提升稻田土壤过氧化物酶活性,旱直播模式施用甲咪唑烟酸能够有效提升土壤酸性磷酸酶和脲酶的活性。水直播模式施用甲咪唑烟酸会抑制土壤细菌的生长;无论是水直播模式还是旱直播模式,施用甲咪唑烟酸都会抑制土壤放线菌的生长。【Objective】The study was conducted to monitor the effects of imazapic on the number of culturable microorganisms,the number of herbicide-resistant microorganisms and soil enzyme activities of rice fields in Guangdong area,aiming to provide a reference basis for the effects of herbicide application on soil ecology in agricultural fields.【Method】The number of culturable microorganisms and herbicide-resistant bacteria in paddy field soil under water directseeding and dry direct-seeding modes were monitored by plate counting method.Activities of soil urease,phosphatase,peroxidase and peroxidase were determined by sodium phenol-sodium hypochlorite colorimetric method,sodium phosphate colorimetric method,o-phenylene triol-ether extraction method and potassium permanganate titration method.【Result】After planting one crop of rice,the application of imazapic enhanced soil peroxidase activity significantly by 30% under water directseeding mode,and increasing soil acid phosphatase and urease enzyme activities significantly by 136.2% and 9.6% respectively under dry direct-seeding mode.Under both direct-seeding modes,the imazapic had no significant influence on the number of culturable fungi.However,under water direct-seeding mode,the number of bacteria and imazapic-tolerant bacteria decreased by 28.7% and 29.5%,respectively.The total number of actinomycetes and imazapic-resistant actinomycetes decreased by 24.2% and 40.7%,respectively.Under the dry direct-seeding mode,imazapic treatment had little effect on bacteria.The total number of actinomycetes decreased by 26.7%,and the number of herbicide-tolerant actinomycetes decreased by 45.9%.【Conclusion】The application of imazapic was effective in enhancing soil peroxidase activity under water direct-seeding mode,and enhancing the enzyme activities of soil acid phosphatase and urease under dry direct-seeding mode.Compared with manual weeding treatments,application of imazapic under water direct-seeding mode inhibited the growth of soil bacteria,and the application

关 键 词：甲咪唑烟酸 除草剂耐受菌 土壤酶活 水稻土 除草方式 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学]