中国产学研三大部门技术创新经费投入产出效率评估研究  

The Input-output Efficiency Evaluation of Technological Innovation Funds in the Universities,Scientific Research Institutions and Enterprises in China

作　　者：乔为国 詹文杰 Qiao Weiguo;Zhan Wenjie(Institutes of sciences and Development,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;University of California-Davis,Davis 95618,USA)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院,北京100190 [2]加州大学戴维斯分校农业与资源经济系,美国加利福尼亚戴维斯95618

出　　处：《科技进步与对策》2022年第22期113-121,共9页Science & Technology Progress and Policy

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(18ZDA101)。

摘　　要：高校、科研单位与企业三大部门是我国应用研究和试验发展环节的重要技术创新主体,亟需评估其效率。采用“经费支出—专利产出—预期收益—实现收益”三步骤分析框架,利用已有统计调查数据,对三大部门技术创新经费投入产出效率进行测算。结果表明,三大部门技术创新经费投入产出效率都偏低,企业部门每亿元经费投入实现的收益约为9733万元,科研单位约为1331万元,高校约为1166万元。该测算值是真实产出价值的下限,但真实产出不会高太多。产出效率低的主要原因在于,高校和科研单位技术创新的产业应用目标指向性不明确、存在科技成果转化难题以及企业能力制约等。最后,建议加快政府相关科技计划制定、加强成果评价过程中产业部门的参与、优化高校和科研单位科研评价体系、加大企业研发费用加计扣除力度等。To implement the innovation-driven development strategy is to enhance the contribution of scientific and technological progress to economic development.Universities,scientific research institutions,and enterprises are all important technological innovation undertakers which are involved in applied research and experimental development.In recent years,China's research,experiment and development funds have been increased significantly,and most were used for applied research and experimental development.How much such a high investment contributes to economic development is a major question that needs to be answered urgently.Relevant studies on the evaluation of technological innovation efficiency in China are abundant,but there are two deficiencies.First,the evaluation objects are mostly on the micro or meso levels,such as a single or regional university or scientific research institution,and the evaluation of the input-output efficiency of technological innovation funds of Chinese universities,scientific research institutions and enterprises as a whole is less involved.Second,the actual yield of economic benefits are still relatively few.This paper makes input-output analysis.It mainly uses the fund expenditure as the input index,and takes patents as the direct output of applied research and experimental development activities.But obtaining patents is not the ultimate goal,it is more an intermediate output.Based on the availability of data,this paper also takes the expected patent income as an intermediate analysis,and finally discusses the final realizable value of the expected patent income.Therefore,this paper adopts the three-step calculation method of"expenditure-patents-expected income-realized income".The results show that the economic contribution of technological innovation activities in applied research and experimental development of universities,scientific research institutions,and enterprises in China is low,and the benefits that can be realized per 100 million yuan of funds are only about 11.66 millio

关 键 词：产学研 技术创新 科研经费投入 投入产出分析 效率评估 

分 类 号：G31[文化科学]