不同年龄段牦牛瘤胃组织形态学与转录组研究  

The Research of Histomorphological and Transcriptomic of Yak Rumen at Different Ages

作　　者：唐娇 夏果 刘益丽[2] 闵奇 冉嫆 谢书琼 马士龙 江明锋[2] TANG Jiao;XIA Guo;LIU Yili;MIN Qi;RAN Rong;XIE Shuqiong;MA Shilong;JIANG Mingfeng(Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China;College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences,Southwest Minzu University,Chengdu 610041,China)

机构地区：[1]西南民族大学青藏高原研究院,成都610041 [2]西南民族大学畜牧兽医学院,成都610041

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》2022年第11期3797-3810,共14页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金：四川省重点研发项目(2021YFYZ0001);四川省科技计划项目(2021YFN0001);西南民族大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(3300221780);西南民族大学科研启动金资助项目(16011221015);四川省自然科学基金(2022NSFSC1665)。

摘　　要：旨在比较不同年龄牦牛瘤胃组织形态、转录组表达谱的变化,挖掘影响牦牛瘤胃发育的关键基因和信号通路,为进一步探讨牦牛瘤胃发育机制提供理论基础。本研究选取非反刍阶段(1日龄与20日龄)、过渡阶段(60日龄)和反刍阶段(15月龄与3岁龄)的健康牦牛作为研究对象,共5个年龄组,每组3个样本。测量样本的体重与瘤胃重量;采集瘤胃组织样品,切片观察组织形态,并统计肌层厚度、乳头高度与宽度;提取瘤胃组织总RNA进行测序,并以1日龄为对照进行转录组分析。选取差异表达基因进行荧光定量试验,关联其与转录组数据的表达趋势。组织形态学分析结果显示,1日龄至3岁的牦牛瘤胃肌层与乳头形态有极大程度的发育与分化,15月龄和3岁牦牛瘤胃重量与指数显著增加(P<0.05);从20日龄开始,瘤胃的肌层厚度随着日龄的增加显著增加(P<0.05);20日龄后,瘤胃乳头高度和宽度随着日龄增加而显著增加(P<0.05)。转录组分析结果显示,20日龄组DEGs富集到胆固醇合成、丁酸代谢和PPAR信号通路等与VFA代谢相关的通路,富集到与免疫相关的免疫反应生物过程和Th17细胞分化通路,富集到与瘤胃上皮细胞异源物代谢相关的细胞色素P450外源性物质的代谢途径;60日龄组DEGs富集到脂肪酸代谢、丙酸代谢通路和丙酮酸代谢通路等与VFA代谢相关的通路,富集到与VFA吸收相关的矿物质吸收通路;15月龄与3岁组DEGs富集到维持瘤胃上皮的完整性和屏障功能的ECM受体相互作用途径。从富集通路中发现,HMGCS2、SLC26A3、PPARG、PPARD和CCL5等基因是与瘤胃营养吸收、代谢和免疫相关的候选基因。荧光定量结果显示,挑选的差异表达基因的表达与转录组测序结果一致。上述结果表明,牦牛瘤胃形态结构发育较早,20日龄是其发育的重要临界点;牦牛瘤胃肌层发育比瘤胃乳头更早,肌层厚度从20日龄时快速增加,瘤胃乳�This study aimed to compare the changes in rumen tissues morphology and transcriptome profile of the yak at different ages to explore the key genes and signaling pathways affecting the rumen development,and lay a foundation for further in-depth exploration of the rumen development mechanism of the yak.In this study,the histomorphological and transcriptomic analysis of the healthy yak’s rumen at 5 age groups was performed,including non-ruminant stage(1 day old and 20 days old),transitional stage(60 days old) and ruminant stage(15 months old and 3 years old),3 samples per group.The body and rumen weights of the samples were measured.The rumen tissue samples were collected and carried out histomorphology observation,the muscle layer thickness,papillae height and width were measured and counted.Total RNA was extracted from rumen tissue for sequencing,and transcriptome analysis was performed with 1-day-old as control.The differentially expressed genes were selected for RT-qPCR,the results of RT-qPCR was compared with the expression trend of transcriptome data.The results of histomorphological analysis showed that the rumen muscle layer thickness and papillae morphology of yaks from 1 day to 3 years old developed and differentiated to a great extent at the histomorphological level.The rumen weight and index increased significantly at 15 months and 3 years old(P<0.05).From 20 days old,the muscle layer thickness increased significantly with the increase of age(P<0.05).After 20 days old,the height and width of rumen papillae increased significantly with the increase of age(P<0.05).In the 20 days old group,transcriptome results showed that the pathways related to VFA metabolism were enriched in cholesterol synthesis,butyrate metabolism and PPAR signaling pathway;The pathways related to immunity were enriched in the immune response biological process and Th17 cell differentiation pathway;The pathways related to the metabolism of rumen epithelial cells xenobiotics was enriched in the metabolic pathway of cytochrome P450 ex

关 键 词：不同年龄段 牦牛 瘤胃 形态学 转录组 

分 类 号：S823.85[农业科学—畜牧学]