财富简史概论(上)  

An Introduction to the Brief History of Wealth

作　　者：蔡守秋[1] CAI Shou-qiu(Law School,Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学法学院,武汉430072

出　　处：《山西师大学报（社会科学版）》2022年第6期42-56,共15页Journal of Shanxi Normal University(Social Science Edition)

摘　　要：从共用财富在三种财富和人类社会历史中的地位和作用看,它有一个从盛行、占主流到被削弱、居末位,到被耗散、成幽灵,到逐渐复兴、占主导,再到大扩容、大普及的发展过程;共用财富特别是共用地、共用自然资源、共用语言文字、共用规则的使用方式和共享程度,在某种意义上一直影响甚至决定着人类社会、人类文明和人类共同体的前途和命运。在原始社会中,没有形成近现代才成熟定型的财产、财产权和所有制概念,因而不存在近现代法律意义上的私人物(或私人财产)和公共物(或公共财产)。但原始社会已经存在三种财富,在三种财富中,共用财富是原始社会中占主流的、盛行的、大量的财富形式,私人财富和公共财富所占比例很小。在资本主义前国家时期,在原始社会形成的三种财富形式继续存在,但三种财富的比例或比重较原始社会的财富状况有了很大变化,并且在不同阶段和不同国家呈现某些差别。总体上看,共用财富特别是共用地被削弱,并被置于三种财富的末位;私人财产和国家财产大量、快速增长,这两者在三种财富的比例明显提高,即形成了以私人财产和国家财产(即君主的私人财产)为主的私有制。From the position and role of common wealth(commons,communism) in the three kinds of wealth and the history of human society,it has a developmental process from being popular and dominant,to being weakened and at the bottom,to being dissipated and ghostly,to gradually reviving and dominating,and then to being expanded and generalized.The way and extent of common wealt,especially common land,common natural resources,common languages,shared rules,have always affected and even determined the future and destiny of human society,human civilization and human community in a sense.In the primitive society,there was no concept of property,property rights and ownership that was mature and finalized in modern times,so there was no private things(private res,or private property) and public things(public res,or public property) in modern legal sense.However,there were already three kinds of wealth(or three kinds of things or res) in the primitive society.Among the three kinds of wealth(three kinds of things or res),common wealth(common things or res,commons,communist) was the mainstream,prevalent,and massive form of wealth in the primitive society.Private wealth(private things,and private property) and public wealth(public property,public property,and public property) accounted for a small proportion.In the pre-capitalist period,the three forms of wealth formed in the primitive society continued to exist,but the proportion or specific gravity of the three kinds of wealth changed greatly compared with the wealth situation in the primitive society;And there are some differences in different stages and countries.On the whole,common wealth(especially common land) is weakened and placed at the bottom of the three kinds of wealth;The private property and the state property have increased greatly and rapidly,and their proportion in the three kinds of wealth has increased significantly,that is,a private system dominated by private property and state property(that is,the private property of the monarch) has been formed.

关 键 词：财富 财产 私人财富 公共财富 共用财富 财富简史 

分 类 号：D909.9[政治法律—法学理论]