基于库尾产卵场保护的水库特征水位优化研究  

Optimization of characteristic water levels based on protection of spawning grounds at the reservoir tail

作　　者：王凯旋 李大成 吴迪 余明辉[1] WANG Kai-xuan;LI Da-cheng;WU Di;YU Ming-hui(State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China;Guiyang Engineering Corporation Limited,Power China,Guiyang 550081,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学水资源与水电工程科学国家重点实验室,湖北武汉430072 [2]中国电建集团贵阳勘测设计研究院有限公司,贵州贵阳550081

出　　处：《泥沙研究》2022年第5期23-29,共7页Journal of Sediment Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52109099)。

摘　　要：水库的修建会对工程河道内鱼类产卵场区造成影响,对产卵场区的保护是制约水库特征水位选择的重要因素。为保护水库库尾产卵场区免受水库淤积及回水的影响,以某水电站为例,建立库区水沙数学模型,对水库不同特征水位组合方案下的水库逐年淤积形态、淤积部位以及成库后的回水进行模拟计算并系统对比分析。研究结果表明:由于水库来沙主要在汛期,6-9月汛期运行控制水位对河道淤积形态和淤积量影响较大,而不同的正常蓄水位对库区回水尖灭点的位置影响较大。进一步优化水库特征水位组合可有效保护位于水库库尾的产卵场区满足流速、水深条件要求。研究成果可为类似工程规划设计提供技术参考。In order to protect the spawning grounds at the tail of the reservoir from the influence of reservoir deposition and backwater,a water and sediment transport mathematical model was established in the reservoir area,which is used for the simulation calculation and systematic comparative analysis of sediment deposition pattern and location,and the backwater under different characteristic water levels.The result shows that:since the sediment is mainly in the flood season,the operating water levels during the flood season from June to September have a great influence on the sedimentation pattern and deposition volume of the river channel,while the difference of the normal storage levels has a greater impact on the position of the pinch points in the reservoir area.In addition,further optimization of the reservoir characteristic water levels can effectively protect the spawning grounds at the tail of the reservoir to meet water depth and velocity requirements.The research results can provide technical guidance for the planning and design of similar projects.

关 键 词：产卵场 水库特征水位 淤积形态 水库回水 

分 类 号：TV697[水利工程—水利水电工程]