生命周期影响评价方法及本地化研究进展  

Research progress on the life cycle impact assessment methods and their localization in China

作　　者：谢明辉[1] 满贺诚 段华波 李雪迎[1] 薛婧 孙启宏[1] 廖凤娟 武琛昊 XIE Minghui;MAN Hecheng;DUAN Huabo;LI Xueying;XUE Jing;SUN Qihong;LIAO Fengjuan;WU Chenhao(Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences;School of Civil and Traffic Engineering,Shenzhen University;School of Economics,Lanzhou University)

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院 [2]深圳大学土木与交通工程学院 [3]兰州大学经济学院

出　　处：《环境工程技术学报》2022年第6期2148-2156,I0002,共10页Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFB1502804)。

摘　　要：为推动我国生命周期影响评价方法的构建,采用文献梳理法对生命周期影响评价方法及本地化研究的现状与未来发展方向进行分析。首先回顾了生命周期评价的起源与发展,探讨了生命周期评价在我国取得的进展与存在的不足;其次对生命周期影响评价理论与方法进行了介绍,并利用文献计量学方法分析了我国学者在生命周期评价时所使用的方法,结果显示77%的研究均采用国外的影响评价方法;最后梳理了我国生命周期影响评价方法的本地化研究进展,分析了现阶段生命周期影响评价方法的3点不足,包括所选取的指标及基准值亟须更新,模型系统性和完整性需要加强,模型深入研究有待展开,并提出要探索构建适合我国国情的完整全面的生命周期影响评价方法以及相应的参数基准值,从而提高我国生命周期评价结果的真实性、准确性,为环境政策制定以及相关产业发展提供决策支持。In order to promote the construction of life cycle impact assessment(LCIA) methods in China, the current situation and future development direction of LCIA methods and their localization research were analyzed by the literature review. Firstly, the origin and development of life cycle assessment(LCA) were reviewed, and the progress and shortcomings of LCA in China were discussed. Secondly, the theories and methods of LCIA were introduced, and the impact assessment methods used by Chinese scholars in LCA were analyzed using the bibliometric method. The results showed that 77% of the studies adopted foreign impact assessment methods.Finally, the localization research progress of LCIA methods in China were combed, and three deficiencies of LCIA methods at this stage were found, namely, the need to update the selected indicators and benchmark values, the need to strengthen the systematicness and integrity of the model, and the need to carry out the in-depth research of the model. It was proposed that complete and comprehensive LCIA methods and corresponding parameter benchmark values suitable for China’s national conditions should be explored and built, so as to improve the authenticity and accuracy of China’s LCA results and provide decision support for China’s environmental policy-making and related industrial development.

关 键 词：生命周期评价 生命周期影响评价 特征化因子 中点法 终点法 

分 类 号：X82[环境科学与工程—环境工程]