地表滴灌-施氮对短轮伐期毛白杨人工林生长及水分利用和氮素吸收的影响  

Effects of Surface Drip Irrigation and Nitrogen Fertigation on Tree Growth,Water Utilization and Nitrogen Absorption of Populus tomentosa in the Short Rotation

作　　者：杨红青 贺曰林 贾黎明[1] Yang Hongqing;He Yuelin;Jia Liming(Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Silviculture and Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,P.R.China)

机构地区：[1]省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室(北京林业大学),北京100083

出　　处：《东北林业大学学报》2022年第11期10-15,22,共7页Journal of Northeast Forestry University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31670625)。

摘　　要：为探索地表滴灌施氮(DIF)下短轮伐期毛白杨林木生长及水分利用、氮素吸收的规律,以2~4年生(2017—2019年)毛白杨无性系S86为研究对象,设置3个灌溉梯度(W20(-20 kPa)、W33(-33 kPa)、W45(-45 kPa))和4个施氮梯度(N0(不施氮)、NL(施氮量为192 g·株^(-1))、NM(施氮量为318 g·株^(-1))、NH(施氮量为444 g·株^(-1)))组成12个滴灌-施氮处理,并设置无灌溉、施肥措施的对照处理CK,监测连续生长季内毛白杨林木生长、器官生物量及氮含量、灌溉水分利用效率和林分氮吸收量。运用模型对增广因子设计进行方差分析。结果表明:滴灌-施氮促进林木生长的作用随林龄增加而减弱,-20 kPa灌溉处理下(W20NL、W20NM、W20NH、W20N0),2~3年生林木平均胸径增量分别显著高于其他灌溉梯度28.24%和6.42%,林分年蓄积生长量较CK显著提高76.12%和20.84%;增施氮肥及灌溉和施氮的交互效应对林木生长无明显作用。滴灌-施氮处理显著提高2~4年生林木器官生物量;-20 kPa灌溉处理,林木叶、枝、干和根的生物量显著高于其他处理23.66%;不同处理,林木器官的氮质量分数均无明显差异(2017年细根除外);林木吸氮量达97.92~300.02 kg·hm^(-2),不同施氮量下林木生长及器官氮质量分数无明显差异,但高施氮量(NH)能显著提高-20 kPa灌溉处理下的灌溉水分利用效率,平均达到1.58 kg·m^(-3)。因此,针对短轮伐期毛白杨纸浆林培育,滴灌是促进幼林生长的有效措施,提高施氮量仍能有效提高林木灌溉水分利用效率。To explore the coupling effects of drip irrigation and nitrogen fertigation(DIF)on stand growth and water-nitrogen utilization of Populus tomentosa in the short rotation,the 2-4-a P.tomentosa S86(2017-2019)was taken as the research object.Three irrigation gradients(W20(-20 kPa),W33(-33 kPa),W45(-45 kPa))and four nitrogen application gradients(N0(no nitrogen application),NL(192 g ind.^(-1)),NM(318 g ind.^(-1))and NH(444 g ind.^(-1))),and the control treatment CK without irrigation and fertilization measures was set to monitor the growth of P.tomentosa forest,organ biomass and nitrogen content,irrigation water use efficiency and stand nitrogen absorption in successive growth seasons.The model is used to analyze the variance of the augmented factor design.The effect of drip irrigation and nitrogen application on promoting forest growth weakened with the growth of forest.Under the irrigation treatment of-20 kPa(W20NL,W20NM,W20NH and W20N0),the average increments of DBH of 2-and 3-a forest were 28.24%and 6.42%higher than those of other irrigation gradients,respectively.The annual stand volume growths were 76.12%and 20.84%higher than that of CK.Nitrogen application and the interaction between irrigation and nitrogen application had no significant effect on the growth of trees.Drip irrigation-nitrogen application significantly increased the organ biomass of 2-4-a trees.Under-20 kPa irrigation,the biomass of leaves,branches,stems and roots was significantly higher than that of other treatments by 23.66%.There was no significant difference in nitrogen mass fraction of forest organs under different treatments(except for fine roots in 2017).The nitrogen uptake by forest trees ranged in 97.92-300.02 kg·hm^(-2).There was no significant difference in nitrogen mass fraction of forest growth and organs under different nitrogen application rates.However,high nitrogen application rate(NH)significantly improved the irrigation water use efficiency under the-20 kPa irrigation treatment,with an average of 1.58 kg·m^(-3).Therefore,fo

关 键 词：毛白杨 滴灌 施氮 林木生长 水分利用 增广因子设计 

分 类 号：S725.5[农业科学—林木遗传育种]