中国老年人口主要生活来源变迁:1994-2020  

Main Source of Elderly Support in China:1994-2020

作　　者：侯佳伟 吴楠 HOU Jia-wei;WU Nan(School of Sociology and Anthropology,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510275)

机构地区：[1]中山大学社会学与人类学学院人口研究所,广东广州510275 [2]中山大学社会学与人类学学院,广东广州510275

出　　处：《南方人口》2022年第5期1-14,共14页South China Population

摘　　要：谁在养活中国2.6亿多老年人口?这是积极应对人口老龄化最基础的问题。2020年第七次全国人口普查数据显示,60岁及以上老年人口主要生活来源构成比例发生重大转变:离退休金/养老金跃居首位(34.7%),首次超过家庭其他成员供养(32.7%),劳动收入位列第三(22.0%)。全国以养老金为主要生活来源的人口有1.16亿人,其中60岁及以上人口9160.8万人。从1994年到2020年,不分性别、城乡和地区,老年人口主要生活来源的发展趋势是,相对较快的弱家庭化和相对较慢的强社会化相向而行。普查数据表明,享有养老金老年人群存活率几乎是不享有的老年人群的2倍。健康、婚姻和居住状况与老年人生活来源密切相关。养老从个体、家庭逐步转移到社会,是促进人的全面发展和社会全面进步的表现,随之而来的风险防控还需未雨绸缪。Who actually support China's 264 million elderly population?It is the most fundamental question for China's active strategy responding to population aging.The Data of the Seventh National Census in 2020 show a major shift in the main source of support for the elderly population aged 60 and over in 2020.The proportion of the elderly living on the pensions raised up to 34.7%,and overtaking those depending on the family members(32.7%)for the first time,and those making a living on their own rank the third(22%).There are 116 million people aged 45 and above living on the pensions,of which 91.608 million are aged 60 and above.From 1994 to 2020,regardless of the gender and residence,the trend in the main source of livelihood of the elderly relying on family support is relatively fast weakening with a relatively slow increasing in social support.The census data show that the survival rate of the elderly with pensions is almost twice that of the elderly without it.Health,marriage and living conditions are closely related to the source of livelihood of the elderly.The gradual transfer of the elderly support from individuals and families to the society is a sign of the all-round development of human and the social progress,and the subsequent risk prevention and control still needs to be prepared in advance.

关 键 词：老年人口 主要生活来源 离退休金/养老金 家庭供养 劳动收入 

分 类 号：C92-05[社会学—人口学]