天线非理想特性对极化方向测量的误差分析  

Error analysis on polarization direction measurement affected by non-ideal characteristics of antenna

作　　者：尹程 吴嘉诚 陈安军 马小雅 YIN Cheng;WU Jiacheng;CHEN Anjun;MA Xiaoya(Science and Technology on Electronic Information Control Laboratory,Chengdu 610036,China;Shenyang Pharmaceutical University,Shenyang 110016,China)

机构地区：[1]电子信息控制重点实验室,四川成都610036 [2]沈阳药科大学,辽宁沈阳110016

出　　处：《现代电子技术》2022年第23期14-18,共5页Modern Electronics Technique

摘　　要：某型装备需要对来波的极化方向进行高精度实时测量,传统的单天线极化方向测量方法实时性差且精度不高,采用正交双极化天线和线极化分量法测量时,测量天线的非理想特性会引入交叉极化分量,进而对测量结果造成影响。传统研究中交叉极化经常被忽略或者避免,文中根据线极化分量法测量原理,给出了来波极化方向测量的数学模型,通过推导重点分析了天线的交叉极化分量对测量误差的影响,建立了测量误差数学模型,分析和仿真结果对类似需求具有理论指导意义。分析仿真结果表明,天线主极化与交叉极化的相位差、正交天线主极化增益比、交叉极化鉴别率等因素均会影响最终的测量误差。天线主极化与交叉极化的相位差的影响可通过外辐射校准予以消除,正交天线主极化增益比的影响可以通过天线配对的方式尽量减小。不考虑前两者影响的情形下,当测量天线自身的交叉极化鉴别率优于-35 dB时,线极化分量法对来波极化方向的测量误差小于1°。A certain type of equipment needs to make high-precision real-time measurement of the polarization direction of incoming wave,but the traditional single-antenna polarization direction measurement method has poor real-time performance and low accuracy. However,when the orthogonal dual-polarization antenna and linear polarization component methods are used to test the non-ideal characteristics of the antenna,cross-polarization component will be introduced,which will affect the measurement results. The cross-polarization is constantly ignored or avoided in the traditional research. On the basis of the principle of linear polarization component method,a mathematical model for the measurement of the polarization direction of the coming wave is presented in this paper. According to the conclusion of inference,the influence of the cross-polarization component of the antenna on the measurement error is analyzed,and the measurement error mathematical model is established. The analysis and simulation results have theoretical guiding significance for similar requirements. The simulation results show that the phase difference between the main polarization and the cross-polarization,the main polarization gain ratio of the orthogonal antenna and the discrimination ratio of the cross-polarization may affect the final measuring error. The influence of the phase difference between the main polarization and the cross-polarization of the antenna can be eliminated by external radiation calibration,and the influence of the gain ratio of the main polarization of the orthogonal antenna can be minimized as much as possible by antenna pairing. In the case of not considering the influence of the two aspects,when the cross-polarization discrimination rate of the measuring antenna itself is better than-35 dB,the linear polarization component method′s measuring error of the polarization direction of the incoming wave is less than 1°.

关 键 词：线极化分量法 极化方向测量 交叉极化干扰 交叉极化鉴别率 非理想特性 主极化 正交双极化天线 

分 类 号：TN820.11-34[电子电信—信息与通信工程]