空中交通管制员职业应激及其影响因素分析  

Occupational stress of air traffic controllers and its influencing factors

作　　者：唐历华[1] 熊鹰 房林 边晨 张琼 Tang Lihua;Xiong Ying;Fang Lin;Bian Chen;Zhang Qiong(Civil Aviation Management Institute of China,Beijing 100102,China;Qinhuangdao Airport Branch of Hebei Airport Management Group Co.Ltd,Qinhuangdao 066000,China;China Aviation Fuel Co.Ltd.Office in PetroChina North China Petrochemical Branch,Renqiu 062550,China;Northwest Region Air Traffic Management Bureau of Civil Aviation of China,Xi'an 710082,China)

机构地区：[1]中国民航管理干部学院,北京100102 [2]河北机场管理集团有限公司秦皇岛机场分公司,秦皇岛066000 [3]中国航空油料有限责任公司驻中国石油华北石化分公司办事处,任丘062550 [4]中国民用航空西北地区空中交通管理局,西安71008

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2022年第9期668-673,共6页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(U1933201)。

摘　　要：目的探讨某地区民航空中交通管制员(ATC)的职业应激特点情况,针对各个影响因素进行分析。方法于2020年3至5月,采用整群抽样法,以某地区457名ATC为调查对象,调查内容包括基本信息和职业信息,采用《工作内容问卷》(JCQ)和《付出-回报失衡问卷》(ERI)对交通管制员职业应激及其影响因素进行调查,并对其影响因素进行分析。结果457名ATC中存在工作需求-自主模式失衡型职业紧张、自感付出-回报失衡型职业紧张分别占81.84%(374/457)、84.46%(386/457)。单因素分析结果显示,婚姻状况、文化程度、年龄、工龄、职称、岗位、家庭月收入水平、1月内发生过不安全事件、对培训的态度和月夜班次数对ATC的JCQ不同因子和ERI不同因子得分存在不同程度的影响,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.01)。二分类logistic回归分析显示,对于工作需求-自主失衡型职业紧张,与中/高级职称的ATC比较,见习组和初级职称者职业紧张程度更高(P=0.000、0.000);与塔台岗位ATC比较,进近岗位和区域岗位者的职业紧张程度更低(P=0.000、0.000)。对于自感付出-回报失衡型职业紧张,与见习ATC比较,中/高级职称和初级职称者的职业紧张程度更高(P=0.000);与区域岗位ATC比较,塔台和进近岗位者职业紧张程度更高(P=0.001、0.000);与认为定期训练利大于弊ATC比较,认为定期训练弊大于利者的职业紧张程度更低(P=0.000);与1月内未发生过不安全事件发生ATC比较,发生者职业紧张程度更高(P=0.007)。结论ATC职业紧张比例较高,相关部门需调整政策,应关注ATC职业应激情况,保障民航运行平稳。Objective To investigate the occupational stress status of air traffic controllers(ATC)and analyze its influencing factors.Methods By using cluster sampling method,457 ATCs in an air traffic management bureau were selected as the investigation objects.The job content questionnaire(JCQ)and the effort reward imbalance questionnaire(ERI)were used to measure work requirements independent imbalance type and ERI type occupational stress separately and analyze the influencing factors.Results Of the 457 ATCs,81.84%(374/457)ATGs had work requirements independent imbalance type of occupational stress and 84.46%(386/457)ATGs had ERI type occupational stress.Univariate analysis showed that the factors of marital status,degree of education,age,length of service,title,job post,family monthly income,views on regular training,occurrence of emergency or unsafe events in last month and monthly night shift frequency had various degrees of influence on the different factor scores of JCQ and ERI(P<0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that the level of JCQ type occupational stress of ATCs with junior titles and probationers was higher than those of intermediate/senior titles(P=0.000,0.000);The ERI type occupational stress of probationers and junior titles ATCs was lower than those with intermediate/senior titles(P=0.000).The ERI and JCQ type occupational stress level of tower post ATCs was higher than that of other two job post ATCs(P=0.001,0.000,0.000,0.000).The ATCs considering regular training had more disadvantages than advantages showed lower ERI type occupational stress level than those considering more advantages than disadvantages(P=0.000).The ERI type occupational stress level of ATCs who experienced emergency or unsafe events in last month was higher than those who didn't(P=0.007).Conclusion A large proportion of ATCs had occupational stress.Management should adjust its policies and pay were attention to occupational stress of ATLs.

关 键 词：空中交通管制员 职业应激 工作内容问卷 付出回报失衡问卷 影响因素 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]