个体因素和劳动组织对汽车装配工颈部疼痛的影响  

Effects of individual factors and labor organization on neck pain in auto assembler

作　　者：张亢亢 孙荣斌 吴家兵 丁丽花 许宁 凌瑞杰[2] Zhang Kangkang;Sun Rongbin;Wu Jiabing;Ding Lihua;Xu Ning;Ling Ruijie(Shiyan Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Disease,Shiyan 44200,China;Hubei Provincial Hospital of Integrated Chinese&Western Medicine,Wuhan 430015,China)

机构地区：[1]十堰市职业病防治院,十堰442000 [2]湖北省中西医结合医院(湖北省新华医院),武汉430015

出　　处：《中华劳动卫生职业病杂志》2022年第9期710-714,共5页Chinese Journal of Industrial Hygiene and Occupational Diseases

摘　　要：目的探讨个体因素和劳动组织对汽车装配工颈部疼痛(下称颈痛)患病率的影响,为企业优化颈痛干预措施提供依据。方法于2021年1月,采取整群随机抽样的方法,在十堰某汽车制造厂抽取656名工龄≥1.0年的装配工作为对象,采用《肌肉骨骼疾患调查表》对其颈痛患病情况及影响因素进行调查。计数资料率的比较采用Pearsonχ2检验或趋势性χ2检验。颈痛影响因素分析采用多因素logistic回归分析。结果汽车装配工一年内颈痛患病率(以下简称颈痛患病率)为53.94%(342/634)。女性颈痛患病率(69.1%)高于男性(48.6%,P<0.01)。颈痛患病率与工龄、劳累自评、每周工作几小时、在同一车间工作、每班休息天数、每班累积休息时间等有关(P<0.05)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,女性患颈痛的风险是男性的2.434倍;每周工作时间每增加1 h,颈痛的风险增加18.9%;工间休息为颈疼的保护因素,每班休息次数1、2、≥3次,颈痛风险均降低(R=0.405、0.311、0.302,95%CI=0.205~0.803、0.169~0.572、0.142~0.642,P<0.05)。结论汽车装配工颈痛患病率较高,企业在安排生产时应充分考虑性别、每周工作时间和工间休息次数等影响因素。Objective To investigate the influence of individual factors and labor organization on the prevalence of neck pain(hereinafter referred to as neck pain)in automotive assemblers,and to provide a basis for enterprises to optimize neck pain interventions.Methods A cluster random sampling method was taken in January 2021,at an automobile manufacturing plant in Shiyan,656 assemblers with≥1.0 years of service were selected,the"Musculoskeletal Disorder Questionnaire"was used to investigate the incidence and influencing factors of neck pain.Pearsonχ2 test or trendχ2 test was used to compare the data rates.The influencing factors of neck pain were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression.Results The prevalence rate of neck pain(hereinafter referred to as the prevalence rate of neck pain)of automobile assemblers within one year was 53.94%(342/634).The prevalence of neck pain in women was higher than that in men(69.1%vs 48.6%,P<0.01).The prevalence of neck pain was related to length of service,self-assessment of fatigue,working hours per week,working in the same workshop,rest days per shift,and accumulated rest time per shift(P<0.05).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of neck pain in women was 2.434 times higher than that in men;The risk of neck pain increased by 18.9%for each hour of work per week;Rest during work was a protective factor for neck pain.The number of rest per shift increased and the risk of neck pain decreased(r=0.405,0.311,0.302,95%CI=0.205~0.803,0.169~0.572,0.142~0.642,P<0.05).Conclusion The annual prevalence of neck pain was higher in automobile assemblers.Enterprises should fully consider the influencing factors such as gender,working hours per week and the number of breaks when arranging production.

关 键 词：肌肉骨骼疾病 危险因素 工作相关的肌肉骨骼疾患 汽车装配工 颈痛 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]