高性能铝合金外场辅助半连续铸造研究进展  

Research Progress of External Field Assisted Semi-Continuous Casting for High Performance Aluminum Alloys

作　　者：徐大召 孟令刚[1,2] 杨春峰 姜明希 范永飞 亚斌 张兴国[1,2] XU Dazhao;MENG Linggang;YANG Chunfeng;JIANG Mingxi;FAN Yongfei;YA Bin;ZHANG Xingguo(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Dalian University of Technology,Dalian 116024,China;NingBo Institute of Dalian University of Technology,Ningbo 315000,China)

机构地区：[1]大连理工大学材料科学与工程学院,辽宁大连116024 [2]大连理工大学宁波研究院,浙江宁波315000

出　　处：《中国材料进展》2022年第11期880-890,共11页Materials China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFA0702903)。

摘　　要：铝合金具有低密度、高比强度和高断裂韧性等优点,在航空航天、海洋工程和交通运输等领域应用广泛。然而,传统铸造成型工艺所制备的铝合金铸件存在着难以避免的铸造缺陷,无法满足高性能铝合金构件的使用要求。将电磁、超声等物理场与传统铸造工艺相结合而开发出的外场辅助控制凝固技术,可制备组织均匀、性能良好的铝合金铸件,对铝合金的发展及应用具有重要意义。主要介绍了外场辅助铸造成型工艺的技术原理,综述了铝合金外场成型的最新研究进展,主要包括电磁铸造、超声铸造和多物理场数值模拟在铸造成型中的应用。重点阐述了电磁场、超声场在铝合金凝固中的细化机制,为复合场成型技术的发展和高性能铝合金的制备提供借鉴。最后,对铝合金外场成型技术制备高品质铝合金铸件的发展方向进行了展望。With the advantages of low density,high specific strength and high fracture toughness,aluminum alloys are widely used in the fields of aerospace,marine engineering and transportation.However,the aluminum alloy castings prepared by the traditional casting molding process have unavoidable casting defects and cannot meet the requirements of highperformance aluminum alloy components.The development of external field assisted controlled solidification technology by combining the physical fields such as electromagnetism and ultrasound with the traditional casting process can produce aluminum alloy castings with uniform organization and good performance,which is of great significance to the development and application of aluminum alloy.This paper mainly introduces the technical principle of external field assisted casting molding process and reviews the latest research progress of external field forming of aluminum alloy,mainly including electromagnetic casting,ultrasonic casting and the application of multiphysical field numerical simulation in casting forming.The refinement mechanism of electromagnetic field and ultrasonic field in aluminum alloy solidification is highlighted to provide reference for the development of composite field forming technology and the preparation of high-performance aluminum alloy.Finally,the development direction of aluminum alloy external field forming technology for the preparation of high-quality aluminum alloy castings is prospected.

关 键 词：铝合金 晶粒细化 电磁铸造 超声铸造 数值模拟 

分 类 号：TG249.7[金属学及工艺—铸造] TG146.21[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]