明末清初民间海外贸易航路的发展变迁  

The Development and Transformation of Private Maritime Trade Routes during the Late Ming and Early Qing Period

作　　者：聂德宁 张元 Nie Dening;Zhang Yuan

机构地区：[1]厦门大学南洋研究院

出　　处：《海交史研究》2022年第3期26-41,共16页Journal of Maritime History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“古代中国海上丝绸之路图像资料的收集、整理与研究”(项目编号:18ZDA186);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“海上丝绸之路与中国-东南亚经济文化交流史研究”(项目编号:20JJD770010)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：从明代后期以至清代初期,中国民间海外贸易航路历经了若干重大的变化和发展,突出表现为从明朝后期福建海澄月港的一口出洋兴贩,到明末清初东南沿海地区的多口出洋通商贩贸格局的形成以及从明朝后期东洋、西洋贸易航路的限定,到明末清初东洋、东南洋和南洋三大贸易航路的全面展开,乃至中国—东南亚—日本多边贸易航线的开辟。中国民间海外贸易航路的发展变化是中国海商与时俱进,应对当时国内外局势变化的生存发展之道,奠定了其在东亚海上贸易活动中的发展基础,同时也突显出中国海商在沟通中国与东亚、东南亚以及东西方经贸往来中的重要角色和所发挥的积极作用。From the late Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty,private maritime trade routes had undergone many changes and developments.Firstly,in the late Ming Dynasty,Yuegang Port in Haicheng of Fujian was the only trading port,but by the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty,more ports were established in the southeast coast of China.Secondly,trade routes to the East Seas and West Seas were restricted in the late Ming Dynasty,but more trade routes to the East Seas,Southeast Seas and South Seas,especially a multilateral trade route of“China-Southeast Asia-Japan”,were developed by the end of the Ming Dynasty and the beginning of the Qing Dynasty.These changes showed that the Chinese merchants were able to respond to the complicated international and domestic situations,and they played a positive role in the trade between China and East-Southeast Asian countries and even in the development of the East-West trade.

关 键 词：民间海外贸易 航路 发展变迁 明末清初 

分 类 号：K248[历史地理—历史学] F752.9[历史地理—中国史] F552.9[经济管理—国际贸易]