退而不休对我国老年人睡眠质量的影响研究  

Effect of Working after Retirement on Sleep Quality in Chinese Older People

作　　者：王德文[1,2,3] 吴政宇 刘正奎 姜茂敏[1] 张瑞泽 黄上萌 陈津瀚 WANG Dewen;WU Zhengyu;LIU Zhengkui;JIANG Maomin;ZHANG Ruize;HUANG Shangmeng;CHEN Jinhan(School of Public Affairs,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361000,China;Institute of Psychology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100103,China;Department of Psychology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University,Xiamen 361000,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学公共事务学院,福建省厦门市361000 [2]中国科学院心理研究所,北京市100103 [3]中国科学院大学心理学系,北京市100049 [4]厦门大学附属第一医院,福建省厦门市361000

出　　处：《中国全科医学》2023年第1期42-49,共8页Chinese General Practice

基　　金：福建省自然科学基金项目(2022J011354)——老年肌少症非药物干预及相关健康素养提升的作用机制研究;国家自然科学基金资助项目(72074187)——农村中老年人健康素养测评指标构建及健康素养提升研究。

摘　　要：背景 我国将从轻度老龄化进入中度老龄化社会阶段,在国家积极老龄化战略与健康老龄化战略背景下,老年人的睡眠健康问题不容忽视。目的 探讨退而不休对我国老年人睡眠质量的影响,为改善老年人睡眠质量提供相关参考。方法 于2021年8月申请获取北京大学发布的中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)2018年中≥60岁受试者(n=7 862)的退而不休与睡眠健康数据。按照退休后是否继续工作分为两组;按照国际睡眠医学有关中老年人睡眠健康的研究,将睡眠时长≤4 h与≥10 h定义为异常睡眠时长,将睡眠时长>4~<10 h定义为正常睡眠时长,将晚于23:00入睡定义为晚睡;按照个体对自身睡眠效率与效果的主观评价,将睡眠质量感知分为乐观感知与悲观感知。采用二分类Logistic回归模型探讨退而不休对睡眠时长、睡眠质量感知、入睡时点的影响。结果 7 862例研究对象中,5 705例(72.56%)睡眠质量感知乐观,6 508例(82.78%)睡眠时长正常,7 464例(94.94%)入睡时间早于23:00(包含23:00),4 005例(50.94%)退而不休。二分类Logistic回归模型结果显示,控制年龄、性别、婚姻、学历、人格特征等因素后,退而不休使老年人睡眠质量感知更加积极〔OR(95%CI)=1.205(1.069,1.358)〕、睡眠时长相对更加健康〔OR(95%CI)=1.306(1.137,1.499)〕、入睡时点相对更早〔OR(95%CI)=1.596(1.253,2.033)〕,退而不休是老年人睡眠质量的保护性因素(P<0.05)。结论 退而不休能够对老年人的睡眠质量产生保护作用。因此,应从政策层面支持并保障老年人退而不休的选择。Background Chinese aging population degree will transform mild to moderate.During addressing aging issues by proactive national strategies and healthy aging strategies,the sleep health of older peoplecannot be ignored.Objective To explore the effect of working after retirement on sleep quality in Chinese older people,providing relevant reference data for improving sleep quality in this group of people.Methods In August 2021,data of working after retirement prevalence and sleep health in subjects aged ≥60 years(n=7 862) were obtained from the 2018 China Family Panel Studies(CFPS)conducted by Peking University with permission.They were divided into working after retirement and non-working after retirement groups by working after retirement prevalence.Normal sleep duration(within 4 to 10 hoursper night),abnormal sleep duration(≤4 or ≥10 hours per night),sleeping late(going to bed after 23 o’clock)in accordance with relevant diagnostic criteria used in international studies on sleep health in middle-aged and older people.Self-reported perceptions of sleep quality were classified into optimistic and pessimistic according to subjective evaluation of sleep efficiency and effect.Binary Logistic regression model was used to explore the effect of working after retirement on sleep duration,perception of sleep quality and the time to go to sleep.Results Among the subjects,5 705(72.56%) had optimistic sleep quality,6 508(82.78%) had normal sleep duration,and 7 464(94.94%)went to sleep earlier than 23:00,and 4 005(50.94%)still worked after retirement.After controlling for age,gender,maritalstatus,education level,personality traits and other factors,working after retirement was associated with increased probability of higher optimism with sleep quality〔OR(95%CI)=1.205(1.069,1.358)〕,more normal sleep duration〔OR(95%CI)=1.306(1.137,1.499)〕,and earlier time to go to sleep〔OR(95%CI)=1.596(1.253,2.033)〕.Working after retirement was associated with increased probability of good sleep quality(P<0.05).Conclusion As

关 键 词：老年人 睡眠质量 退而不休 睡眠时长 睡眠质量感知 入睡时点 

分 类 号：R339.34[医药卫生—人体生理学] R161.7[医药卫生—基础医学]