氮肥减施对连作芝麻根际土壤细菌群落结构和功能的影响分析  

Impact analysis of nitrogen fertilizer reduction on bacterial community structure and function in rhizosphere soil of continuous cropping sesame

作　　者：汪瑞清[1] 张志华 吕丰娟[1] 林洪鑫[1] 魏林根[1] 肖运萍[1] WANG Rui-qing;ZHANG Zhi-hua;LYU Feng-juan;LIN Hong-xin;WEI Lin-gen;XIAO Yun-ping(Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Resources Environment,Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Farming in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River/Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,National Engineering Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement,National Agricultur-al Experimental Station for Agricultural Enriroment Yichun,Nanchang,330200,China)

机构地区：[1]江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所/农业农村部长江中下游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心/国家农业环境宜春观测实验站,江西南昌330200

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2022年第6期1307-1319,共13页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31860348);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-14-2-15);江西省现代农业产业技术体系(JXARS-18-栽培);江西省农业科学院创新基金博士启动项目(20181CBS001)。

摘　　要：以品种金黄麻为试验材料,利用高通量测序技术,研究在氮肥用量105 kg·hm^(-2)基础上(RSN4),氮肥减施25%、50%、75%和100%(分别记为RSN3,RSN2,RSN1和RSN0)的条件下,健康与感青枯病两种生长状态对连作芝麻产量和根际土壤细菌群落结构的影响规律,以期为芝麻合理施肥和稳产提供依据。结果表明:氮肥用量减少25%(RSN3)的芝麻产量较RSN4处理未出现明显下降。RSN2的α多样性指标Obs、Shannon和Chao1较RSN4分别高11.53%、3.39%、12.71%,而来自健康株的Shannon指数比感病株高1.61%,且氮肥减施和生长状态处理的交互作用对Shannon指数有显著影响;RSN1处理放线菌门(Actinobacteria)相对丰度较RSN3增加了39.70%,而厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)则下降了30.60%;来自健康植株根际土壤的酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)、硝化螺旋菌门(Nitrospirae)相对丰度较来自患病株的分别高32.42%、155.26%、38.54%,而Firmicutes较感病株下降了47.47%;RSN3的芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和马赛菌属(Massilia)相对丰度较RSN2的分别增加119.10%和87.18%,且RSN3的类芽胞杆菌属(Paenibacillus)相对丰度较RSN0、RSN1、RSN2显著增加59.29%~193.42%。来自健康株根际土壤细菌中的假丝酵母(Candidatus_Solibacter)和unidentified_Nostocales的相对丰度较患病株高43.68%和235.90%,而来自感病株根际土壤细菌中4种菌属(Bacillus、Massilia、Ramlibacter、Paenibacillus)的相对丰度较健康株的显著增加64.63%~106.67%;来自健康株根际土壤细菌功能碳水化合物代谢的相对丰度较来自患病株增加0.94%,而来自健康株根际土壤细菌功能膜运输的相对丰度较来自感病株的降低了2.37%;RSN3处理的根际土壤细菌功能辅助因子和维生素的代谢和核苷酸代谢的相对丰度较RSN0处理分别增加1.78%和3.63%(P<0.05),而翻译、脂质代谢、折叠、分类和降级的相对丰度分别下降了4.58%、4.52%、7.74%(P<0.05)。三个主要环境因子pH、速效钾、The variety Jinhuangma was used as the test material, and different nitrogen reduction(RSN4, at0% less on the basis of 105 kg·hm^(-2);RSN3, RSN2, RSN1, RSN0 represent 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer, respectively) were set to study the effect on the yield of continuous cropping sesame and the bacterial community structure in rhizosphere soil under healthy or bacterial wilt conditions by using high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the yield of sesame with 25% reduction of nitrogen fertilizer(RSN3)did not decrease significantly compared with RSN4 treatment. The α-diversity indexes of Obs, Shannon, Chao1 in RSN2(e.g. 50% N reduction), were significantly higher by 11.53%, 3.39%, and 12.71% than those in RSN4, respectively, and Shannon index from healthy plants was significantly higher by 1.61% than that from diseased plants, and the interaction of nitrogen reduction and growth state treatment(e.g. healthy and diseased) had a significant effect on Shannon index. Compared with RSN3, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria with RSN1(75% N reduction)significantly increased by 39.70%, but Firmicutes decreased by 30.60%, respectively. Rrelative abundance of Acidobacteria, Cyanobacteria and Nitrospirae of rhizosphere soil from healthy plants were significantly higher by 32.42%,155.26% and 38.54% than those from diseased plants respectively, while Firmicutes decreased significantly by47.47% compared with diseased plants. Relative abundance of Bacillus and Massilia in RSN3 increased by119.10% and 87.18% compared with RSN2, respectively, and that of Paenibacillus in RSN3 increased by 59.29%-193.42% compared with RSN0, RSN1 and RSN2. Relative abundance of Candidatus_Solibacter and unidentified_Nostocales from rhizosphere soil bacteria of healthy plants were 43.68% and 235.90% higher than those of diseased plants(P < 0.05), while the four genera of bacteria from rhizosphere soil of diseased plants(Bacillus, Massilia,Ramlibcter, and Paenibacillus) increased by 64.63%-106.67% tha

关 键 词：连作芝麻 氮肥减施 细菌群落结构 高通量测序 

分 类 号：S565.3[农业科学—作物学]