石灰性缺铁土壤不同铁效率大豆品种产量及相关性状对Fe-EDDHA肥的响应  

Response of yield and related traits of soybean varieties with different iron efficiency to Fe-EDDHA fertilizer in calcareous iron-deficient soils

作　　者：韩喜国[1] 杨波[1] 于德彬 徐长洪[1] 孟凡钢[2] 邱强[2] 赵婧[2] 张鸣浩[2] 闫晓艳[2] 张伟[2] HAN Xi-guo;YANG Bo;YU De-bin;XU Chang-hong;MENG Fan-gang;QIU Qiang;ZHAO Jing;ZHANG Ming-hao;YAN Xiao-yan;ZHANG Wei(Taonan Experimental Station,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Taonan 137100,China;Soybean Research Institute,Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Research Center of Soybean,Changchun 130033,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林省农业科学院洮南试验站,吉林洮南137100 [2]吉林省农业科学院大豆研究所/大豆国家工程研究中心,吉林长春130033

出　　处：《中国油料作物学报》2022年第6期1329-1336,共8页Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD1000905)。

摘　　要：石灰性土壤缺铁是限制大豆产量的主要限制因子。为探明铁胁迫下不同铁效率大豆品种产量及相关性状对Fe-EDDHA肥(乙二胺邻二羟基乙酸铁)的响应,本研究于2014-2015年在吉林省洮南市的石灰性缺铁土壤条件下,以不同铁效率6个品种为试材,设置5个施Fe-EDDHA肥水平(0、3、6、9、12和15 kg·hm^(-2)),研究了Fe-ED-DHA不同铁效率大豆品种叶片SPAD、农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明,石灰性土壤上,不同铁效率品种产量及相关性状对Fe-EDDHA肥响应存在显著差异。为保障大豆品种正常产量,铁高效品种至铁敏感品种对铁肥需求逐渐增大,铁高效、铁中效、铁敏感品种分别需施Fe-EDDHA肥0~3 kg·hm^(-2)、3~6 kg·hm^(-2)和6~9 kg·hm^(-2),施铁量继续增加对不同铁效率品种产量影响不显著。铁高效和铁低效品种主要在生殖后期响应铁肥,而铁中效品种对铁肥的响应主要是反映营养生长期叶绿素含量的变化。不同类型品种对铁肥响应存在年份效应,2015年需要施入更多铁肥以达到正常产量。以上说明,石灰性土壤缺铁区域应用铁高效品种是缺铁矫正最经济有效的措施,缺铁严重区域或缺铁严重年份,可以补施少量Fe-EDDHA肥保障产量。Iron deficiency in calcareous soil is the main limiting factor of soybean yield.The aim of this study was to investigate the response of yield and related traits of soybean varieties with different iron efficiency to Fe-ED-DHA fertilization under iron stress.Six varieties with different iron efficiency were applied with Fe-EDDHA at 5fertilizer levels(0,3,6,9,12 and 15 kg·hm^(-2))in a calcareous iron-deficient soil of Taonan of Jilin Province in2014-2015.The effects of Fe-EDDHA on leaf SPAD,agronomic characteristics and yield of soybean varieties with different iron efficiency were studied.The results showed that in calcareous soil,there were significant differences in yield and related traits of varieties with different iron efficiency in response to Fe-EDDHA fertilization.In order to ensure the normal yield of soybean varieties with different iron efficiency,the demand for iron fertilizer increased gradually from iron efficient varieties to iron inefficient varieties,and Fe fertilizer was 0-3 kg·hm^(-2)for iron-efficient varieties and 3-6 kg·hm^(-2)for medium iron-effective varieties.Fe-EDDHA(6-9 kg·hm^(-2))was applied to iron-ineffective varieties,and the increase of iron application rate had no significant effect on the yield of varieties with different iron efficiency.Iron-efficient and iron-inefficient varieties responded to iron fertilizer mainly in the late reproductive stage,while medium iron-effective varieties responded to iron fertilizer mainly through the change of chlorophyll content at vegetative period.The response of different varieties to iron fertilizer had a year effect,and more iron fertilizer should be applied in 2015 to achieve normal yield.In conclusion,the application of Fe efficient varieties in the Fe deficiency area of calcareous soil is the most economical and effective measure for iron deficiency correction,and a small amount of Fe-EDDHA fertilizer can be applied in the Fe deficiency area or in year of severe iron shortage to guarantee the yield.

关 键 词：大豆 铁效率 Fe-EDDHA肥 产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]