基于体长-繁殖潜力比方法的海州湾小黄鱼资源状态评估  

Evaluating Stock Status of Small Yellow Croaker(Larimichthys polyactis)in Haizhou Bay Based on Body Length/Spawning Potential Ratio Method

作　　者：夏恒睿 王琨 董秀强[3] 刘逸文 张崇良 纪毓鹏[1,2] 任一平 Xia Hengrui;Wang Kun;Dong Xiuqiang;Liu Yiwen;Zhang Chongliang;Ji Yupeng;Ren Yiping(College of Fisheries,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;Field Observation and Research Station of Haizhou Bay Fishery Ecosystem,Ministry of Education,Qingdao 266003,China;Shandong Fishery Development and Resource Conservation Station,Yantai 264003,China;Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao 266237,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学水产学院,山东青岛266003 [2]海州湾渔业生态系统教育部野外科学观测研究站,山东青岛266003 [3]山东省渔业发展和资源养护总站,山东烟台264003 [4]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室海洋渔业科学与食物产出过程功能实验室,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《中国海洋大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第12期25-32,共8页Periodical of Ocean University of China

基　　金：国家重点研究发展计划项目(2018YFD0900904,2018YFD0900906)资助。

摘　　要：为了解海州湾小黄鱼(Larimichthy polyactis)群体的资源开发状态,本研究根据2013—2018年春、秋季在海州湾进行的渔业资源底拖网调查数据,使用体长-繁殖潜力比方法(LB-SPR)估算了海州湾小黄鱼群体的50%、95%选择性体长(L_(s50)、L_(s95))和相对捕捞死亡系数F/M(捕捞死亡系数F除以自然死亡系数M),进而估算该群体的繁殖潜力比(SPR);同时,研究了两组50%、95%选择性体长对应的F/M对海州湾小黄鱼SPR的影响。研究表明,海州湾小黄鱼群体体长平均值呈波动状态,其优势体长组成分布和体长均值的年间变化趋势相同;2013—2018年小黄鱼的选择性体长L_(s50)与L_(s95)的估计范围分别为93~104 mm和113~130 mm,平均值分别为97和121 mm,时间序列下L_(s50)与L_(s95)年度估算值均呈下降趋势。2013—2018年F/M的估算范围为2.36~2.58,平均值为2.46,时间序列下F/M估算值呈先下降后上升趋势。SPR相对稳定,基本维持在均值为0.22水平,不低于最低限制参考点(SPR=0.2)。在海州湾现有网具选择性情况下,当F/M=2.21时,SPR=0.2,达到限制参考点水平;当F/M降到0.85时,SPR=0.4,达到目标参考点水平。在模拟中设定小黄鱼开捕体长为150 mm(海州湾海域小黄鱼最小可捕标准体长),当F/M=2.46时(当前相对捕捞压力水平)对应的SPR=0.51。本研究结果表明,海州湾小黄鱼群体长期遭受高强度的补充型过度捕捞,群体繁殖潜力偏低,小黄鱼渔业可持续性面临严重挑战。因此,建议适当降低开发强度,同时限制渔具网目尺寸,以实现海州湾小黄鱼群体资源的可持续利用。In order to understand the stock status of small yellow croaker(Larimichthys polyactis)in Haizhou Bay,the LB-SPR(body length/spawning potential ratio)modeling was conducted based on the bottom trawl surveys data from fishery resources in the springs and autumns of 2013—2018 in Haizhou Bay.LB-SPR is an effective assessment method for data-limited fisheries,which does not require inaccessible age structured data.The length composition data representing the population structure are needed,with the 50%,95%maturity length(L_(50),L_(95)),ratio of natural mortality to growth rate(M/k),asymptotic length L∞,and coefficient of variation in L∞(CV L∞).The length at 50%and 95%selectivity length(L_(s50),L_(s95))and the relative fishing mortality coefficient(F/M)of small yellow croaker stock in Haizhou Bay were then estimated based on length frequency data.Then,the SPR(spawning potential ratio)was estimated,and the effects of different F/M on SPR were simulated for small yellow croakers in Haizhou Bay.The results showed that the average body length of small yellow croaker stock in Haizhou Bay fluctuated.The average values of L_(s50)and L_(s95)of small yellow croaker are 97 mm and 121 mm,with the range of 93~104 mm and 113~130 mm,respectively,showing a downward trend on the whole.The relative fishing pressure of small yellow croaker in Haizhou Bay is relatively high,with the average F/M of 2.46 and the range of 2.36~2.58.In addition,under the scenario of high fishing pressure,the estimated reference points SPR remained relatively stable at the average level of 0.22.In the current selective scenario,when F/M is 2.21,SPR is 0.2(restricted reference point level),the relative fishing mortality coefficient had a significant effect on the spawning potential ratio of small yellow croaker in Haizhou Bay.When F/M is 0.85,SPR is 0.4,the target reference point level.In the ideal selective scenario,F/M is 2.46(current relative fishing pressure level),the SPR is 0.51.This study showed that the small yellow croaker stock in Haizhou Ba

关 键 词：小黄鱼 体长-繁殖潜力比 渔业资源评估 海州湾 体长频率 数据有限 

分 类 号：S931.4[农业科学—渔业资源]