举国体制演进如何推动关键技术升级?--中国3G到5G标准的案例研究  

How Does the Evolution of the Nationwide System Prompt the Upgrading of Key Technologies?Cases of China from 3G to 5G

作　　者：张三保[1] 陈晨[1] 张志学[2] ZHANG San-bao;CHEN Chen;ZHANG Zhi-xue(Economics and Management School of Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei,430072,China;Guanghua School of Management of Peking University,Beijing,100871,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学经济与管理学院,湖北武汉430072 [2]北京大学光华管理学院,北京100871

出　　处：《经济管理》2022年第9期27-46,共20页Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )

基　　金：国家自然科学基金面上项目“中国营商环境、总经理自主权与企业技术创新:制度基础观与高层梯队理论整合视角下的多层次研究”(72072137);国家自然科学基金重大研究计划集成项目“数智化情境下人机协同中的管理决策与组织行为研究”(92146003)。

摘　　要：新型举国体制是攻克关键技术、建设科技强国的重要手段。为解析面向技术标准竞争的传统举国体制如何向新型举国体制演化、不同阶段的举国体制中政府与市场如何互动、如何利用举国体制推动关键技术升级等问题,本文使用纵向案例研究法,基于技术追赶理论和标准生命周期理论,通过系统分析中国移动通信技术标准的演进,探究了政府、企业和产业联盟三大主体在三代标准竞争中角色的纵向转换及横向变迁,以揭示技术标准竞争中新型举国体制的内涵和外延。研究结论如下:(1)技术标准制定的新型举国体制以市场为主导,发挥多主体协同创新优势:企业通过技术创新发挥创新主体作用,政府通过制度创新发挥支撑引领作用,产业联盟通过组织创新发挥技术标准促进作用。(2)中国从3G到5G技术标准的发展中,企业逐渐主导了标准化过程,其作用日益突出;政府的角色从主导到引导,在标准的国际化中不可替代;产业联盟沟通了企业与政府,在传递资源和信息方面的重要作用日益凸显。(3)技术标准制定的举国体制呈现出“政府主导”→“政府与市场并重”→“市场主导”的演变过程。本研究不但清晰阐释了推动技术标准升级的举国体制演进,界定了新型举国体制的运行模式,也从三个不同层面为中国深入参与移动通信标准竞争提供了重要启示。The new nationwide system is an important means of conquering key technologies and building a powerful science and technology nation.To reveal how the traditional nationwide system evolves into the new one in technology standard competition,how the government and the market interact in different stages of the nationwide system,and how to apply the nationwide system to promote key technology upgrades,we use the vertical case study method.Based on the technological catch-up theory and the standard life cycle theory,we systematically analyzed the evolution of China's mobile communication technology standards,explored the vertical roles and horizontal coordination dynamics of the government,enterprises,and industrial alliance in the competition of the three-generation standards,and thus revealed the connotation and extension of the new nationwide system in the technology standard competition.Our main conclusions are as follows:(1)The new nationwide system of technical standards formulation is market-oriented,giving full play to the advantages of multi-body collaborative innovation.Specifically,enterprises play the main role of innovation through technological innovation,government plays the supporting and leading role through institutional innovation,and industrial alliance promotes technical standards through organizational innovation.(2)In the development of China's 3G to 5G technology standards,enterprises are gradually leading the standardization process,and their role is increasingly prominent;the role of government from leading to guiding is irreplaceable in the internationalization of standards;industrial alliances communicate with enterprises and governments,and play an increasingly important role in transferring resources and information.(3)The nationwide system of technical standards formulation shows the evolution process of“government-led”→“both government and market”→“market-led”.This paper not only clearly explains the evolution of the nationwide system that promotes the upgrading of tec

关 键 词：新型举国体制 标准竞争 关键技术创新 中国 

分 类 号：F062.4[经济管理—政治经济学]