中国情境下科研人员为何投身创业?——基于14名创业者的探索性案例研究  

Why do Academics Engage in Entrepreneurial Activities under the Context of China?An Exploratory Case Study based on 14 Entrepreneurs

作　　者：周炜 蔺楠 ZHOU Wei;LIN Nan(School of Business,Suzhou University of Science and Technology,Suzhou,Jiangsu,215009,China;School of Business,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics,Shanghai,200433,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州科技大学商学院,江苏苏州215009 [2]上海财经大学商学院,上海200433

出　　处：《经济管理》2022年第9期130-150,共21页Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )

摘　　要：在建设创新型国家目标下,国家大力支持和鼓励科研人员创业。中国情境下的科研人员到底为何创业?为回答该问题,本文采用扎根分析方法,通过对14位创业科研人员的半结构化访谈,探究了科研人员创业的动机。研究发现,我国科研人员创业动机表现为三种类型:一是为追求自我提升的主动型创业,即科研人员为提升需求层次而创业,包括追求财富、挑战自己、证明自己和取得更大的个人成就;二是为达成身份使命的责任型创业,即科研人员为了实现职业身份使命而创业,包括将研究成果应用于实践和通过成果转化,为行业、国家、社会发展做贡献;三是为均衡制度压力的被动型创业,即科研人员为了应对科研制度压力而创业,包括不满足于当前的工作内容或工作环境,通过创业以利用职业晋升“空窗期”开创新事业。进一步研究显示,在三类创业动机中,只有“达成身份使命的责任型创业”对新创业企业的研发投入、利用式创新和探索式创新均具有显著的正向作用。本文为理解中国科研人员创业的内在逻辑提供了帮助,也为相关部门出台激励政策提供了参考。In order to promote the high-quality development of innovation and entrepreneurship,the government vigorously advocates for academics to start their own businesses,but the internal motivation for academics to engage in entrepreneurial activities is not clear.With the case study of 14 academics who are venturing,this paper constructs the entrepreneurial motivation model of academics and classifies the entrepreneurial types according to their entrepreneurial purposes and conditions.There are three types of entrepreneurial motivation:(1)Proactive entrepreneurship for self-improvement,which refers to academic entrepreneurs who start a business to make money,challenge themselves,prove themselves,and achieve greater achievements;(2)Responsible entrepreneurship for identity mission,which refers to the motivation generated by academic entrepreneurs from their identity as scholars in universities,specifically including applying research results into practice and making contributions to the development of industry/country/society through the transformation of technology;(3)Passive entrepreneurship for balancing institutional pressure,which refers to researchers starting businesses to cope with the institutional pressure of scientific research.Through entrepreneurship,academics can become temporarily or long-term independent from their current work environment.There are two main goals:improving the sense of value your work brings by adjusting the content of work and using the lull in career advancement to start a new business.Compared with the western institutional background,the differences in the motivation of academic entrepreneurship in China are mainly reflected in three aspects:different logical starting points for the pursuit of economic returns,entrepreneurship for proving one's ability,and entrepreneurship for escaping from the institutional environment of research.Further research shows that among the three types of entrepreneurial motivations,only“Responsible entrepreneurship for identity mission”has a signif

关 键 词：科研人员 创业动机 案例研究 中国情境 

分 类 号：F272.9[经济管理—企业管理]