晚清驻藏大臣制度衰微的政治学分析  

Political Analysis of the Decline of the Amban System in the Late Qing Dynasty

作　　者：刘广莉 LIU Guang-li(School of Marxism,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai 200234)

机构地区：[1]上海师范大学马克思主义学院,上海200234

出　　处：《西藏大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第3期47-54,共8页Journal of Tibet University

摘　　要：驻藏大臣制度是清帝国安辑藏政的重要制度设计。然而,自19世纪以来,在面临西方帝国主义势力扰藏侵藏的边疆危机下,驻藏大臣制度日渐衰微。文章指出,清王朝在战略和技术上的不当是晚清驻藏大臣制度弊病尽显的重要内因。在战略层面,清王朝经历了由盛而衰并陷入僵化保守的治理困局,在整体上对西藏重视不够,将其“弃如石田”;在操作层面,一是驻藏大臣的遴选和任用工作较为粗糙,二是转奏制度阻碍了央藏之间的政务沟通。这直接引发了晚清以来达赖喇嘛与驻藏大臣的罅隙,致使西藏地方与中央的关系出现重大波折。The Amban System was an important system of the Qing Dynasty.Since the mid-19^(th) century,the Amban System had been gradually declining,which has exposed many disadvantages in dealing with the crisis in Tibet.The disadvantages were embodied in two aspects:one is the general governance strategy as the Qing'sgovernment in most cases ignored or paid little attention to the governance of Tibet.The other one isits specific governance,for instance,the selection and appointment of the Ambans wereoperated with relatively little care,and the indirect information transmission system hindered the communication between the Qing'sgovernmentand the Tibet's local government,which directly caused some misunderstanding between the Ambans and the Dalai Lama in the late Qing Dynasty,and led to the deterioration of the relations between the Northern Warlords government and Tibet at the beginning periodof the Republic of China.

关 键 词：西藏 驻藏大臣 转奏制度 十三世达赖喇嘛 

分 类 号：K249.105[历史地理—历史学]