长江流域农药面源多介质归趋评估  

Assessment of the fate of pesticide non-point source pollution in environmental multimedia of the Yangtze River basin

作　　者：颜小曼 焦聪 陈磊[1] 张芊芊 齐莎莎 沈珍瑶[1] YAN Xiaoman;JIAO Cong;CHEN Lei;ZHANG Qianqian;QI Shasha;SHEN Zhenyao(School of Environment,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;School of Environment,South China Normal University,Guangzhou 510006,China;CNOOC Research Institute,Beijing 100028,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学环境学院,北京100875 [2]华南师范大学环境学院,广州510006 [3]中海油研究总院,北京100028

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2022年第11期2395-2404,共10页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金创新研究群体科学基金项目(52221003);国家自然科学基金项目(42277044);北京师范大学学科交叉研究基金项目。

摘　　要：为明确长江流域典型农药面源时空分布,本研究基于逸度理论,构建了适合大尺度、多区域、长时期的农药面源多介质环境归趋模型,量化了1991-2020年长江流域克百威农药在水、土、气、沉积物等环境介质中的累积水平、赋存浓度及传输通量。结果表明:长江流域的克百威总残留量呈现先上升后下降的趋势,在2010年达到峰值(1647 t);水体和土壤为克百威的主要赋存介质,其范围分别为0.278~135 ng·L^(-1)和0.0522~16.7 ng·g^(-1);长江流域中下游地区为热点区域,尤其是赣江流域;每年施用的农药约5.40%会残留在环境中,主要去除方式为降解,其次是输移到近海(2017年约109 t·a^(-1))。研究表明,农药面源在大时空尺度的累积和传输作用不容忽视,模型改进使得面源模拟结果更加合理,为长江流域农药面源的科学管控提供了重要的数据参考和技术支持。To study the spatiotemporal distribution of typical pesticide non-point sources in the Yangtze River basin,a multi-medium environmental trend model for large-scale,multi-region,and long-term pesticide non-point source pollution was developed based on fugacity theory.This model was used to quantify the legacy,concentration,and transmission flux of carbofuran in four environmental medias,namely,water,soil,air,and sediment,in the Yangtze River basin from 1991 to 2020.The results showed that the legacy of carbofuran first increased and then decreased,peaking in 2010(1647 t).The surface water and soil phases were the main sources of carbofuran,with concentrations ranging from 0.27835 ng·L^(-1)and 0.05226.7 ng·g^(-1),respectively.The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River basin are hotspot regions,especially the Ganjiang River basin.Approximately 5.40%of pesticides applied each year remained in the environment,and the main removal method was degradation,followed by advection into the sea(approximately 109 t·a^(-1)in2017).The results implied that the accumulation and transport of pesticide non-point source pollution on a large spatiotemporal scale cannot be ignored.The simulation results of the modified method were more reasonable and provided important data reference and technical support for the scientific control of pesticide non-point source pollution in the Yangtze River basin.

关 键 词：克百威 面源污染 环境多介质 逸度模型 长江流域 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程]