包膜尿素与普通尿素配施对稻田氨挥发的影响  

Effects of combined application of coated ureas and ordinary ureas on ammonia volatilization in paddy fields

作　　者：康兴蓉 周旋 彭建伟[1] 杨相东[3] 徐章倩 黄粤林 费讲驰 KANG Xingrong;ZHOU Xuan;PENG Jianwei;YANG Xiangdong;XU Zhangqian;HUANG Yuelin;FEI Jiangchi(College of Resources and Environment,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Hunan Soil and Fertilizer Institute,Changsha 410125,China;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学资源与环境学院,长沙410128 [2]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,长沙410125 [3]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2022年第11期2539-2551,共13页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2017YFD200703-3);国家水稻产业技术体系(CARS-01-26);湖南省农业科技创新资金项目(2019LS03-3);湖南省自然科学基金青年基金项目(2019JJ50337)。

摘　　要：为有效减少平原河网双季稻种植区农田氮素(N)损失并提高N肥利用率,采用聚氨酯包膜尿素与普通尿素掺混一次性施肥技术,探究控释掺混肥对早稻季氨挥发损失及N肥利用率的影响。连续两年(2018—2019年)在湖南益阳开展田间试验,设置不施N肥(CK)、常规施肥(CF)、聚氨酯包膜尿素(PuCU)、聚氨酯包膜尿素与普通尿素以6∶4比例配比(0.6PuCU+0.4CF)共4个处理,采用半密闭通气法监测水稻生育期间氨挥发特征。结果表明:CF和0.6PuCU+0.4CF处理稻田氨挥发主要发生在移栽后10 d内,峰值出现于第2~3天和第10天;而PuCU处理整个早稻生长季氨挥发通量缓慢,略高于CK处理。早稻全生育期CF处理氨挥发损失量(率)最高,达39.48 kg·hm^(-2)(22.22%),N肥吸收利用率(NRE)和N肥农学利用率(NAE)分别为29.19%和13.82 kg·kg^(-1);PuCU和0.6PuCU+0.4CF处理氨挥发损失量(率)分别为12.01 kg·hm^(-2)(3.91%)和20.70 kg·hm^(-2)(9.70%),NRE分别为60.22%和71.36%,NAE分别为18.99 kg·kg^(-1)和20.34 kg·kg^(-1)。其中,0.6PuCU+0.4CF和PuCU处理早稻季总计氨挥发损失量较CF处理分别降低47.57%和69.56%,而NRE分别提高163.08%和116.29%,NAE分别提高69.85%和55.97%。Elovich方程能较好地拟合稻田氨挥发累积量随时间的变化趋势,各处理相关系数均达到极显著水平。相关分析表明,早稻季氨挥发通量与田面水NH_(4)^(+)-N浓度及pH呈显著正相关。研究表明,聚氨酯包膜尿素一次性基施能有效避免施肥后NH~+-N的急剧升高,减少稻田氨挥发损失,并提高早稻N肥利用率,而将其与尿素按比例进行互配能进一步促进N素吸收,提高N素利用效率,但氨挥发减排效果较单施聚氨酯包膜尿素低。To effectively reduce the loss of N and improve the N fertilizer use rate in the double-cropping rice areas of plain river networks,this study used one-time fertilization with polyurethane-coated and common ureas to explore the effects of the controlled release fertilizer on ammonia volatilization loss and N use efficiency in the early rice season.We conducted a field experiment for two consecutive years,2018 to 2019,in Yiyang,Hunan Province,China.We set four treatments:no N fertilizer(CK),conventional fertilization(CF),polyurethane-coated urea(PuCU),and a 6∶4 ratio of polyurethane-coated urea to common urea(0.6PuCU+0.4CF).We monitored the characteristics of ammonia volatilization during rice growth using semi closed ventilation.The results showed that ammonia volatilization mainly occurred within 10 days after fertilization under the CF and 0.6PuCU+0.4CF treatments,and the peak values occurred on the second to third and tenth days,respectively.However,the ammonia volatilization flux of the PuCU treatment was slow during the entire early rice-growing season,being slightly higher than that of the CK treatment.We observed the maximum ammonia volatilization loss(rate)of 39.48 kg·hm^(-2)(22.22%)in the CF treatment,and the N recovery efficiency(NRE)and N agronomic efficiency(NAE)were 29.19%and13.82 kg·kg^(-1),respectively.The total ammonia volatilization loss(rate)of the PuCU and 0.6PuCU+0.4CF treatments were 12.01 kg·hm^(-2)(3.91%)and 20.70 kg·hm^(-2)(9.70%),respectively;the NRE were 60.22%and 71.36%,respectively;and the NAE were 18.99 kg·kg^(-1)and20.34 kg·kg^(-1),respectively.Compared with that in the CF treatment,the total ammonia volatilization loss in the 0.6PuCU+0.4CF and PuCU treatments were lower by 47.57%and 69.56%,respectively,whereas NRE increased by 163.08%and 116.29%and NAE by 69.85%and 55.97%,respectively.The Elovich equation fit the variation trend of ammonia volatilization accumulation in rice fields with time,and the correlation coefficients of each treatment were extremely significant.From t

关 键 词：控释掺混肥 聚氨酯包膜尿素 氨挥发 稻田 氮肥利用率 

分 类 号：S511.31[农业科学—作物学]