耕作部件对带状旋耕耕作质量的影响研究  

Effect of tillage tools on the quality of strip rotary tillage

作　　者：杨艳山 吴凡[1] 赵亚平[1] 胡志超 顾峰玮 丁启朔[3] Yang Yanshan;Wu Fan;Zhao Yaping;Hu Zhichao;Gu Fengwei;Ding Qishuo(Suzhou Polytechnic Institute of Agriculture,Suzhou,215000,China;Nanjing Institute of Agricultural Mechanization,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Nanjing,210014,China;Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing,210014,China)

机构地区：[1]苏州农业职业技术学院,江苏苏州215000 [2]农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京市210031 [3]南京农业大学,南京市210031

出　　处：《中国农机化学报》2022年第12期184-189,共6页Journal of Chinese Agricultural Mechanization

基　　金：江苏省自主创新资金项目(CX(20)3066)。

摘　　要：应绿色可持续农业的发展要求,带状免耕播种技术在我国南方稻麦种植区得到推广与应用。为简明耕作部件对带状旋耕耕作质量的影响,在280、380和510 r/min刀轴转速下对凿型旋耕刀、直刃旋耕刀和IT225型旋耕刀进行田间耕作试验。试验结果表明,影响耕作质量的主要因素是耕作部件形状和刀轴转速。在刀轴转速为510 r/min时,IT225型旋耕刀创造的土壤回填率只有7%,土壤回填效果明显低于具有较小正切刃的直刃旋耕刀和凿型旋耕刀。凿型旋耕刀能够创造出较好的回填和土壤破碎的效果,但由于其没有侧切刃无法创造出整齐的种床截面。在刀轴转速为180 r/min时,凿型旋耕刀造成的种床截面扰动率高达20%。直刃旋耕刀能够形成齐整的种床截面和高于50%的土壤回填率,但产生的土壤破碎体粒径过大,不能满足播种的需求。本研究为带状旋耕耕作部件优化指明方向,即兼顾直刃旋耕刀和凿型旋耕刀的特点,将两种或几种刀具进行有机结合,以满足不同土壤条件下带状旋耕播种的需求。In response to the requirements of the development of green and sustainable agriculture, the strip tillage has been popularized and applied in rice and wheat planting areas in southern China. In order to simplify the effect of tillage components on the quality of strip tillage, field experiments were carried out on chisel blade, straight blade and IT225 blade at 280, 380 and 510 r/min. The results show that the main factors affecting the tillage quality are the shape of the blade and the rotary speed. When the rotary speed is 510 r/min, the soil backfill rate created by IT225 blade is only 7%, and the backfilling effect is significantly lower than that of the straight blade and chisel blade with small tangent edge. Chisel blade can achieve better backfill and soil crushing effects, but it is unable to create a neat seedbed section due to the lack of side cutting edge. When the rotary speed is 180 r/min, the cross-section disturbance rate of the seed bed of the chisel blade is as high as 20%. The straight blade can form a neat cross-section of the seed bed and a soil backfill rate higher than 50%, but the particle size of the broken soil is too large to meet the needs of sowing. This study points out the direction for the optimization of belt rotary tillage components, that is, taking into account the characteristics of straight blade rotary tillage knife and chisel rotary tillage knife, and organically combining two or several knives to meet the needs of belt rotary tillage and seeding under different soil conditions.

关 键 词：耕作部件 田间试验 种床截面 破碎度 回填率 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]