违约精神损害赔偿的裁判实践与理论应对--以《民法典》第九百九十六条的司法适用为中心  

Judicial Practice and Theoretical Response to Compensation for Moral Damage in Breach of Contract--Centred on the Judicial Application of Article 996 of the Civil Code

作　　者：杨立新[1] 扈艳[1] Yang Lixin;Hu Yan(Law School,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学法学院,北京100872

出　　处：《河南财经政法大学学报》2022年第6期1-14,共14页Journal of Henan University of Economics and Law

基　　金：2021年北京市社会科学研究基金重点项目“民法典实施中的疑难问题研究”(项目编号:21FXA004)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：《民法典》实施以来,全国法院以《民法典》第九百九十六条作为裁判依据的民事纠纷案件共236件,呈现出非合同案由占一定比例、所涉合同类型多样、对精神损害赔偿支持力度较大、法律适用存在矛盾冗余等特点,与理论研讨关注问题有共性,更有分歧。综合其异同,可将现存问题在解释论层面划归为对《民法典》第九百九十六条体系定位认识不充分和对该条规定的适用条件共识不足这两个方面。《民法典》第九百九十六条是我国精神损害赔偿规范群在违约领域保护精神利益的重要条款,具有体系效应。其适用条件为:存在因违约行为侵害人格权导致严重精神损害、属于违约责任与侵权责任竞合之情形,以及当事人选择违约之诉。在具体适用中,应当注意不对其适用条件做当然的反对解释,通过协调适用包括该条在内的精神损害赔偿规范群,对当事人的精神损害进行全面救济。Since the implementation of the Civil Code,there have been 236 civil cases in which article 996 of the Civil Code has been used as the basis for adjudication by courts across the country.Judicial practice shows the characteristics of a certain proportion of non-contract cases,a variety of contract types involved,a relatively large support for moral damages,and contradictions and redundancies in the application of law,which are more divergent from the issues of theoretical discussion and concern though with some common character.Based on their similarities and differences,the existing problems can be reduced at the level of interpretation theory into two aspects:insufficient understanding of the positioning of the system of article 996 of the Civil Code and insufficient consensus on the conditions for the application of this provision.Article 996 of the Civil Code is an important provision of the norms group for compensation for moral damage to protect moral interests in the field of breach of contract,which has a systematic effect.The conditions of application of this article are as follows:there is serious mental damage caused by the infringement of personality rights by the breach of contract;there exists a concurrence between the liability for breach of contract and tort liability;and the parties choose the lawsuit for breach of contract.In its specific application,there should be no direct negative interpretation of its application conditions,and the norm group for compensation for moral damage,including this article,should be applied in a coordinated manner to comprehensively remedy the moral damage of the parties.

关 键 词：民法典 精神损害赔偿 违约责任 责任竞合 适用条件 

分 类 号：D923.1[政治法律—民商法学]