《公司法》修改背景下股东表决权不统一行使规则  

Rules on the Non-uniform Exercise of Shareholders’Voting Rights in the Context of the Amendment of the Company Law

作　　者：李建伟[1] 林树荣 Li Jianwei;Lin Shurong

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院

出　　处：《财经法学》2022年第6期3-17,共15页Law and Economy

基　　金：阐释党的十九届四中全会精神国家社科基金重大项目“营商环境法治化的制度架构与实现研究”(20ZDA044)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：股东表决权的不统一行使是实现股东利益、平衡公司各方主体利益与彰显公司正义的可行进路。我国《公司法》未明文规定该制度,学界争议不断与商事实践的混乱无章已凸显负面影响。以表决权为中心的股权权能或利益分离框架,以及以意思表示为中心的组织法思维为此提供了绝佳的理论分析框架。表决权内外价值二分视角、股东异质化与利益多元化、公司正义的维护以及中国公司治理的文化拘束等验证了确立该制度的必要性。股东表决权不统一行使的公司法规范设计应当考虑资格条件、适用范围、行使程序与效果等具体事项,区分公司类型以选定合适的入法进路;电子通信制度的引入能够消减不统一行使表决权制度所嵌套的负面影响。总之,股东表决权不统一行使的入法进路,应当于增强规则可操作性与消减规则负面影响之间取得平衡,以实现股东表决权行使方式变革的理念更新与制度调适。The non-uniform exercise of shareholders voting rights is a feasible way to realize shareholders interests,balance the interests of all parties in the company and highlight corporate justice.China s Company Law does not expressly stipulate this system,and the continuous academic disputes and the chaos of commercial practice have highlighted the negative impact.The separation framework of equity rights or interests centered on voting rights and the group-thinking centered on expression of will provide an excellent theoretical analysis framework for this.The internal and external dichotomy of voting rights,shareholder-heterogeneity and interest diversification,the maintenance of corporate justice and the cultural constraints of Chinese corporate governance have verified the legitimacy of the system.The standard design of the company law in which the voting rights of shareholders are not uniformly exercised should consider the specific matters such as qualification conditions,scope of application,exercise procedures and effects,and distinguish the types of companies in order to select the appropriate way to enter the law.The introduction of electronic communication system can reduce the negative impact of non-uniform exercise of voting rights.In a word,the entry into the law of non-uniform exercise of shareholders voting rights should be balanced between enhancing the operability of the rules and reducing the negative effects of the rules,so as to realize the conceptual renewal and institutional adaptation of the reform of shareholders voting rights.

关 键 词：股东表决权 不统一行使 分离原则 公司正义 

分 类 号：D922.291.91[政治法律—经济法学]