不同轮作休耕模式对稻田土壤有机碳及其组分的影响  

Effects of rotation and fallow patterns on organic carbon and its components in soil of paddy fields

作　　者：杨滨娟[1] 李新梅 胡启良 刘宁 黄国勤[1] YANG Binjuan;LI Xinmei;HU Qiliang;LIU Ning;HUANG Guoqin(Center for Ecological Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Genetic Breeding of Jiangxi Procince,Jiangxi Agricultural University,Nanchang 330045,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学生态科学研究中心/江西省作物生理生态与遗传育种重点实验室,南昌330045

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2022年第6期51-58,共8页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(32160528);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300208);江西省现代农业产业体系-稻田综合种养产业技术体系(JXARS-12)。

摘　　要：为了优化筛选双季稻田绿色高效的复种轮作休耕模式,通过连续2 a的田间试验,研究不同轮作休耕模式对稻田土壤有机碳及其组分的影响。结果显示:“油菜-甘蔗||春大豆→紫云英-早稻-玉米||甘薯”模式2 a的总生物量高出休耕模式以外的其他处理31.68%~65.91%。2018-2019年,“油菜-甘蔗||春大豆”和“紫云英-春大豆-秋大豆”模式更有利于土壤全碳的积累,复种轮作模式和休耕模式较连作模式更有利于土壤活性有机碳的积累,以“紫云英-早稻-玉米||甘薯”和“油菜-甘蔗||春大豆”模式表现最好。“油菜-甘蔗||春大豆”模式更有利于土壤可溶性有机碳、微生物量碳的积累。2019年“油菜-甘蔗||春大豆”的碳库活度、碳库活度指数和土壤碳库管理指数均达到最大,且分别显著高出其他处理59.46%~84.38%、59.06%~84.47%和52.81%~71.40%(P<0.05),轮作模式更有利于提高碳库活度、碳库活度指数和土壤碳库管理指数,尤其是“紫云英-早稻-玉米||甘薯”和“油菜-甘蔗||春大豆”模式表现较好。在当地土壤肥力条件下,复种轮作模式能提高土壤有机碳及其组分的含量,有利于改善土壤质量,提高土壤肥力,5种模式中“油菜-甘蔗||春大豆→紫云英-早稻-玉米||甘薯”复种轮作模式表现最佳。The effects of rotation and fallow patterns on the soil organic carbon and its components in paddy fields were studied through two consecutive years of field experiments to optimize and screen the green and efficient multiple cropping mode of rotation and fallow in the rice fields with double cropping.The results showed that the total biomass of“Rapeseed-sugarcane||spring soybean→Chinese milk vetch-early rice-maize||sweet potato”pattern for two years was 31.68%-65.91%higher than that of other patterns.In 2018-2019,the“Rapeseed-sugarcane||spring soybean”and the“Chinese milk vetch-spring soybean-autumn soybean”pattern were more conducive to the accumulation of total carbon in soil.The multiple cropping rotation pattern and fallow pattern were more conducive to the accumulation of active organic carbon in soil than the continuous cropping pattern.The“Chinese milk vetch-early rice and maize||sweet potato”and the“Rapeseed-sugarcane||spring soybean”were the best patterns.The“Rapeseed-sugarcane||spring soybean”pattern was more conducive to the accumulation of soluble organic carbon,microbial biomass carbon in soil.In 2019,the A(carbon pool activity),AI(carbon pool activity index)and carbon pool management index(CPMI)of the“Rapeseed-sugarcane||spring soybean”pattern reached the maximum and were 59.46%-84.38%,59.06%-84.47%and 52.81%-71.40%higher than those of other patterns(P<0.05).The rotation pattern was more conducive to improving A,AI and CPMI,especially the“Chinese milk vetch-early rice and maize||sweet potato”and the“Rapeseed-sugarcane||spring soybean”patterns had good performance.Under the condition of local soil fertility,paddy-upland multiple cropping rotation pattern increased the content of organic carbon and its components in soil,which is conducive to improving the soil quality and the soil fertility.Among the five patterns,the“Rapeseed-sugarcane||spring soybean to Chinese milk vetch-early rice-maize||sweet potato”pattern was the best.

关 键 词：稻田土壤 轮作 休耕 土壤肥力 碳库管理指数 绿色高效 

分 类 号：S344.1[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]