上海市稻田耕作制度演变与绿色高质量发展进程  

Evolution of paddy farming systems and proposals on green development with high quality of rice production in Shanghai

作　　者：李金文[1] 曹林奎[2] 曹燕 倪远之 钱晓雍[1] LI Jinwen;CAO Linkui;CAO Yan;NI Yuanzhi;QIAN Xiaoyong(Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences,Shanghai 200233,China;School of Agriculture and Biology,Shanghai Jiaotong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市环境科学研究院,上海200233 [2]上海交通大学农业与生物学院,上海200240

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2022年第6期101-110,共10页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：上海市生态环境局科研项目(沪环科(2020)第5号);上海市科技兴农项目(沪农科推字(2020)第2-1号)。

摘　　要：水稻生产不仅对于保障粮食安全意义重大,同时稻田作为一类特殊的人工湿地,对城市的可持续发展也至关重要。上海稻田耕作制度从20世纪80年代的三熟制转变为两熟制,到2010年代又从两熟制逐渐调整为一熟制。近年来,逐步形成了用地与养地相结合的耕作制度,部分地区成功探索了稻田种养结合的绿色生产模式,并逐步实现了品牌化生产。然而,上海水稻绿色生产也面临诸多挑战,包括粮食稳产压力、资源与环境约束以及高度依赖财政补贴、自身盈利能力不足等。针对上述问题,本文提出了今后稻田耕作制度绿色、高质量发展的对策:在确保耕地面积、稻田比例不下降与稳定单产潜力的基础上,稳定全市粮食产量;创新和集成绿色栽培技术,提升稻田湿地生态功能;深化稻米品牌建设,以品牌化实现生态产品价值,提升水稻绿色种植经济效益。Rice production in super large cities is not only significant for food security,but also important for sustainable development of cities as a special type of constructed wetlands.This article summarizes and studies the evolution and status quo of the paddy farming system in Shanghai,and puts forward the development direction of the farming system.Over the past 70 years,the farming system transformed from a triple-cropping system to a double-cropping system in the 1980s,and to a single-cropping system gradually in the 2010s.Recently,the farming systems concerning soil-improving measures were established.Rice production and animal husbandry were combined in some districts of Shanghai based on the application of manure or biogas slurry.Moreover,much more ratio of rice was sold through the branding strategies.Nevertheless,rice production in Shanghai is also facing many challenges including the demand for keeping stable grain yield,the limitations imposed by resource and environment capacity,and inadequate profitability of rice selling which leads to high dependence on financial subsidies.Measures and advices including ensuring that both the area of cultivated land and proportion of paddy land does not decrease,stabilizing the yield potential per unit area,integrating and innovating green farming techniques to improve the ecological function of paddy wetlands,and upgrading the branding strategies for converting the ecological value of green rice planting to the economic benefits are proposed in the view of the challenges mentioned above.

关 键 词：耕作制度 稻田 绿色农业 低碳农业 面源污染 种养结合 生态服务 

分 类 号：S344[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S511[农业科学—农艺学]