基于黑水虻转化的畜禽粪便资源化利用研究进展  

Research progress on resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure based on transformation by black soldier fly

作　　者：李庆[1,2] 秦文杰 曹秀芳 后德家[2] 江洪 LI Qing;QIN Wenjie;CAO Xiufang;HOU Dejia;JIANG Hong(College of Science,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production Co-Sponsored by Province and Ministry,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学理学院,武汉430070 [2]生猪健康养殖省部共建协同创新中心,武汉430070

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报》2022年第6期169-175,共7页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42177100);湖北洪山实验室开放课题(2021hskf011)。

摘　　要：随着集约化养殖业的快速发展,我国每年会产生约38亿t畜禽粪便,造成了畜禽粪便的累积和环境污染,是构成我国面源污染的主要来源之一。同时我国饲料蛋白原料严重短缺,80%以上依赖进口,年进口价值超过2000亿元,是全球蛋白原料最大进口国。昆虫可高效转化畜禽粪便,同时消减温室气体排放,并产生优异的虫体蛋白、脂肪和虫沙,实现养分流动循环和畜禽粪便资源化利用。以黑水虻为代表的昆虫生物转化畜禽粪便具有低耗能、低排放及良好社会、生态、经济效益,是治理畜禽粪便污染、解决这一困境的最有潜力的策略之一。近年来,黑水虻转化畜禽粪便产业发展迅速,本文从畜禽养殖带来的环境及资源问题、黑水虻生物转化产生的有益资源利用等方面进行了分析、阐述,并对其未来的发展方向进行了展望,以期为发展黑水虻转化畜禽粪便这一低碳畜牧产业提供借鉴。With the rapid development of intensive breeding industry,about 3.8 billion tons of livestock and poultry manure will be produced in China every year,causing the accumulation of livestock and poultry manure and environmental pollution.It is one of the main sources of non-point pollution in China.At the same time,there is a serious shortage of feed protein raw materials in China,and more than 80%of them depend on imports.The annual import value exceeds more than 200 billion yuan,making China the largest importer of protein raw materials in the world.Insects can efficiently transform livestock and poultry manure,reduce greenhouse gas emissions,and produce excellent insect protein,fat and insect sand,so as to realize nutrient circulation and resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure.The biotransformation of livestock and poultry manure insect,represented by black soldier fly,has low energy consumption,low emission and good social,ecological and economic benefits.It will be one of the most potential strategies to solve the dilemma of livestock and poultry manure pollution.In recent years,the transformation industry of livestock and poultry manure by black soldier fly has developed rapidly.In this paper,the environmental and resource problems brought about by livestock and poultry breeding and the beneficial resource utilization generated by black soldier fly biotransformation are analyzed and elaborated,and the future development direction is prospected,in order to provide reference for the development of low-carbon livestock industry of black soldier fly transforming livestock and poultry manure.

关 键 词：黑水虻 昆虫转化 畜禽粪便 低碳畜牧 温室效应气体 

分 类 号：X713[环境科学与工程—环境工程]