金属玻璃的稳定性  

Stability of metallic glasses

作　　者：张博 赵勇 白海洋 ZHANG Bo;ZHAO Yong;BAI Hai-Yang(Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory,Dongguan 523808,China;Instituteof Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing100190,China)

机构地区：[1]松山湖材料实验室,东莞523808 [2]中国科学院物理研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《物理》2022年第10期709-716,共8页Physics

摘　　要：玻璃态材料自诞生以来一直受到自身稳定性的困扰。为了保障玻璃的服役安全性,人们一直努力提高玻璃的耐久性和稳定性。玻璃能否经年累月地保持长期稳定?影响其稳定性的物理机制和根源是什么?这些都是非晶态物理领域长期关注的重要难题。根据以往对非晶合金稳定性的研究结果,文章将简单介绍玻璃亚稳性的起源,然后介绍玻璃如何能够保持长期稳定,如何提高玻璃的热力学和动力学稳定性以制备出超稳玻璃,最后介绍影响玻璃稳定性的材料因素,用于指导有效地获得高稳定性玻璃。对玻璃稳定性的认识和理解,既能够保障玻璃材料服役过程中的安全性,又对认识过冷液体和玻璃转变等基本物理问题非常关键。Glassy materials have been plagued by their thermal stability since their inception.To ensure safety in their use,people have always endeavoured to improve their durability and stability.Can glass maintain long-term stability over the years?What are the physical mechanism and basic factors that determine its stability?These are important problems that have long been of concern in the field of glassy physics.Based on our research on the stability of amorphous alloys,the present paper will briefly describe the origin of glassy metastability,how stability can be maintained for a long time,and how to improve the thermodynamic and kinetic stability to produce ultrastable glass.Finally,the material factors affecting stability are identified to address the efficient manufacture of high stability glass.A full understanding of glassy stability can not only ensure safety during service,but also is critical for understanding fundamental physical problems such as supercooled liquid and glass transitions.

关 键 词：玻璃 长期稳定性 超稳玻璃 形核率 

分 类 号：TG139.8[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]