土壤水分对水稻耗水特性及生长发育的影响  

The Effect of Soil Moisture on Water Consumption and Growth of Rice

作　　者：杨丞 陈艺周 马世浩 王贵兵 张赓[3] 李小坤[1,2] YANG Cheng;CHEN Yizhou;MA Shihao;WANG Guibing;ZHANG Geng;LI Xiaokun(College of Resources and Environment,Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Microelement Research Center,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Shuangshui Shuanglu Institute,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;Ministry of Agriculture National Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center,Beijing 100125,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学资源与环境学院/农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室/华中农业大学微量元素研究中心,武汉430070 [2]华中农业大学双水双绿研究院,武汉430070 [3]全国农业技术推广服务中心,北京100125

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2022年第11期1-5,36,共6页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：湖北省水稻“三优”科技创新行动项目(2018—2020);全国农业技术推广服务中心农业农村资源等监测统计-墒情监测项目(2020);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2662018YJ026)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确土壤水分对水稻耗水特性、水分利用效率以及叶片水分生理状况的影响,为水稻水资源高效利用提供理论依据。【方法】采用盆栽试验的方法,以“扬两优6”为材料,通过设置不同土壤含水率,以占田间持水率比例进行划分:90%以上(W1,对照)、75%~90%(W2)、60%~75%(W3)和45%~60%(W4),探究土壤水分对水稻耗水量、耗水强度、生物量、产量、水分利用效率以及叶片生理状况的影响。【结果】降低土壤水分能够减少水稻水资源的消耗,与W1处理相比,W2、W3处理和W4处理的全生育期耗水量分别减少32.4%、58.7%和69.9%,全生育期的耗水强度分别降低32.4%、61.5%和73.5%。W2处理的水稻水分利用效率显著高于其他土壤水分处理;与W1处理相比,尽管W2处理的籽粒产量和生物量分别降低13.2%和12.4%,但水分利用效率提高24.5%,而W3处理和W4处理的水分利用效率分别降低36.0%和74.7%。【结论】从水分高效利用和保障水稻正常生长发育的角度综合考虑,土壤含水率为田间持水率的75%~90%时,可在保证较高的水稻产量前提下,提高水分利用效率,减少水资源的消耗,具有较好的推广应用前景。【Objective】Maintaining soil moisture at a rational level not only improves water use efficiency but also benefits crop growth and grain quality.Taking rice as an example,this paper presents an experimental study of the effect of soil moisture on growth and water consumption of the crop.【Method】The experiment was conducted in pots,with the variety“Yangliangyou 6”used as the model plant.The soil moisture was kept at>90%(CK),75%~90%(W2),60%~75%(W3)and 45%~60%(W4)of the field capacity,respectively.In each treatment,we measured the total water consumption and water consumption intensity,biomass,yield,water use efficiency,and water potential in the leaves of the rice.【Result】A decrease in soil water content reduced water consumption of the rice.Compared with CK,W2,W3 and W4 reduced total water consumption by 32.4%,58.7%and 69.9%,respectively,and water consumption intensity by 32.4%,61.5%and 73.5%,respectively.The water use efficiency of W2 was significantly higher than that in other treatments.Compared with W1,W2 increased water use efficiency by 24.5%but reduced grain yield and biomass by 13.2%and 12.4%,respectively.In contrast,W3 and W4 reduced water use efficiency by 36.0%and 74.7%,respectively,compared to W1.【Conclusion】Considering water use efficiency and crop growth,maintaining soil water content at 75%~90%of the field capacity is optimal for improving water use efficiency,reducing water consumption without scarifying rice yield.It can be used as an improved irrigation method for rice production in the studied area.

关 键 词：水分亏缺 水稻 耗水特性 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S365[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术] S511[农业科学—农艺学]