非洲传统宗教的至上神崇拜及其特点  

The Supreme Being Worship of African Traditional Religions and Its Characteristics

作　　者：周海金 Zhou Haijin(Institute of Humanities and Social Sciences,Jiaxing University,Jiaxing 314001)

机构地区：[1]浙江嘉兴学院人文社会科学研究院,嘉兴314001

出　　处：《中国非洲学刊》2022年第1期40-58,144,145,共21页JOURNAL OF CHINA-AFRICA STUDIES

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“非洲传统宗教的历史传承与当代革新研究”(批准号:21BZJ056)的阶段性成果;嘉兴学院科研启动费项目“非洲传统宗教的至上神崇拜及其特点研究”的最终成果。

摘　　要：传统宗教的至上神崇拜是非洲宇宙观和生命观的核心,然而在很长时期内却被持欧洲中心论的学者视为外来文明的产物,并被溯源至基督教和伊斯兰教的一神崇拜。驳斥这种文化霸权主义的学者认为,早在希伯来人、欧洲人和阿拉伯人的信仰体系诞生之前,尼罗河沿岸的非洲人就已经发展出世界上第一个神学体系,因此最早创造一神信仰的是非洲人。两者之间,究竟谁影响了谁,目前学界尚无定论。在肯定至上神的存在、独一无二的地位及属性方面,非洲至上神崇拜与基督教和伊斯兰教中的一神崇拜具有很大的相似性。但是,独特的历史文化孕育了非洲至上神崇拜自身完全不同的特征:至上神称谓众多,至上神崇拜与神灵崇拜并存,非洲人很少为至上神修建庙宇并献祭。这些鲜明特征与非洲传统社会文化习俗和非洲人的宇宙人生观紧密相关,也是非洲传统宗教区别其他宗教文化的重要标志。The supreme being worship in traditional religions is the core of the African view of universe and life,but it has long been regarded as the product of foreign civilization by the scholars of Eurocentric bias,and is traced back to the monotheist worship of Christianity and Islam.Scholars who refute this cultural hegemony argue that Africans along the Nile developed the world’s first theological system long before the Hebrew,European,and Arab belief systems were established,therefore Africans first created monotheism.Currently there is no definite conclusion in the academic community on whether Africans belief systems influence other belief systems or vice versa.The African supreme being worship is very similar to the monotheist worship of Christianity and Islam in affirming the existence,unique status,and attribute of the supreme being.However,the unique history and culture have given birth to the different characteristics of the African supreme being worship.There are many appellations of the supreme being,the worship of the supreme being co-exists with the worship of gods,and Africans seldom build temples and offer sacrifices to the supreme being.These distinctive features are closely related to the traditional social and cultural customs in Africa and the African view of the universe and life,and are also important symbols of the African traditional religions which can be distinguished from other religions and cultures.

关 键 词：非洲传统宗教 至上神崇拜 一神崇拜 多神崇拜 

分 类 号：B933[哲学宗教—宗教学]