骗取贷款罪中“重大损失”的法律界定与适用  

Legal Definition and Application of Heavy Loss in the Crime of Defrauding Loans

作　　者：刘进一 熊正伟[6] LIU Jin-yi;XIONG Zheng-wei

机构地区：[1]北京大学 [2]北京大成律师事务所 [3]西南医科大学法学院 [4]中国政法大学 [5]北京中医药大学人文学院 [6]四川省泸州市公安局网安支队

出　　处：《四川警察学院学报》2022年第5期1-9,共9页Journal of Sichuan Police College

摘　　要：《刑法修正案(十一)》在骗取贷款罪的基本犯罪构成中去掉“或者有其他严重情节的”表述,从而将骗取贷款罪修改为单一结果犯,即骗取贷款行为达到对金融机构造成重大损失结果,才构成骗取贷款罪。虽然信贷逾期意味着损失,但要达到重大损失的程度需同时满足金额和偿还可能性条件。如果贷款本息已经清偿、银行免除债务、贷款展期或借新还旧,则不应认定其行为构成骗取贷款罪。对于贷款逾期时间不足3年,以及银行拥有真实、足额担保的案件,法院应谨慎对待。基于实证分析数据,可以将损失金额达到或超过500万元,认定为“特别重大损失”,将骗取贷款数额1000万元以上,或频繁、多次骗取贷款作为“其他特别严重情节”。The Eleventh Amendment to the Criminal Law removes the expression“or with other serious circum⁃stances”from the basic constitution of crime of defrauding loans,thereby changing the crime of defrauding loans into a single-result crime,that is,only if the act of defrauding loans results in heavy loss to financial institutions,can the actor be convicted of the crime of defrauding loans.Although overdue credit means loss,the level of heavy loss re⁃quires both the amount and the likelihood of repayment.If the principal and interest of the loan have been paid off,the bank has waived the debt,the loan has been extended,or the loan has been repaid with a new loan,the actor should not be convicted of the crime of defrauding loans.For cases where the loan is overdue for less than 3 years and the bank has a real and full guarantee,the court should treat them with caution.Based on the empirical analysis data,the amount of loss reaching or exceeding 5 million can be regarded as particularly heavy loss,and the amount of de⁃frauded loans of more than 10 million or the frequent and repeated defrauding of loans can be regarded as other particu⁃larly serious circumstances.

关 键 词：骗取贷款 重大损失 犯罪构成 严重情节 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]