论我国试验性立法的“试错”及其适用限度——基于卡尔·波普尔试错理论的分析  

“Trial and Error”of China s Experimental Legislation and Its Application Limits—An Analysis Based on Karl Popper s Trial-and-Error Theory

作　　者：凡超 Fan Chao(School of Law,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学法学院

出　　处：《江苏大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第6期81-94,共14页Journal of Jiangsu University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目(22ZDA071)。

摘　　要：改革的路径就是不断试错的过程,并从试错实践中获得真知。在全面依法治国背景下,“凡属重大改革都要于法有据”。妥善处理改革的深刻变动性与法律稳定性的关系,首先要实现立法和改革决策相结合。试验性立法是根据“改革发展的需要”,通过全国人大及其常委会特别授权的一种立法活动,是改革试错理念在立法实践探索中的具体呈现与实际应用。试验性立法必须遵循改革试错的运行逻辑,并深刻体现立法试验探索性的科学思维。卡尔·波普尔的试错理论是针对问题,并源于特定需要的探索与尝试理论,具有较强的改革实践借鉴意义。试错理论是与试验性立法的实践品格及核心意涵衔接度更为紧密的一种理论依据,能够佐证试验性立法的合理性及其试错过程的正当性。试验性立法的“试错”具有法定的适用限度,需要在试错理论视野下去认知、理解与把握。The path of reform is the process of gaining true knowledge through trial and error.In the context of comprehensively promoting rule of law,all major reforms must have a legal basis.To properly deal with the relationship between the variability of reform and the stability of law,the first step is to combine legislation with reform decision-making.Experimental legislation is a kind of legislative activity specially authorized by the NPC and its Standing Committee according to the“needs of reform and development”,and is the presentation and application of the trial-and-error concept in legislative practice and exploration.It must follow the logic of trial-and-error reform and the scientific thinking of legislative experimentation.As a problem-oriented exploration and trial one,Karl Popper s trial-and-error theory is based on specific needs,which has a strong reference significance for reform practice.The trial-and-error theory is more closely connected with the practical nature and core meaning of experimental legislation,which can prove the rationality of experimental legislation and the legitimacy of the trial-and-error process.The“trial and error”of experimental legislation has statutory limits of application,which needs to be recognized,understood and grasped in the perspective of trial and error theory.

关 键 词：试验性立法 卡尔·波普尔 试错理论 依法治国 立法实践 适用限度 

分 类 号：D9[政治法律—法学]