论流域生态保护补偿的法律调控  

Research on legal regulation of watershed ecological compensation

作　　者：庄超 陈健[3] ZHUANG Chao;CHEN Jian(Water Resources Comprehensive Research Department,Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China;Yangtze River Economic Belt Protection and Development Strategy Research Center,Changjiang Water Resources Commission,Wuhan 430010,China;Development Research Center of the Ministry of Water Resources,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]长江科学院水资源综合利用研究所,湖北武汉430010 [2]长江水利委员会长江经济带保护与发展战略研究中心,湖北武汉430010 [3]水利部发展研究中心,北京100038

出　　处：《人民长江》2022年第11期14-19,共6页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金长江水科学研究联合基金项目“长江流域生态补偿机制研究”(U2040206);国家社会科学基金项目“生态环境责任的追究机制研究”(15CFX055)。

摘　　要：流域生态保护补偿是解决流域生态环境正义问题、调整流域各方利益关系的重要制度。中国在流域生态保护补偿理论和实践方面已经积累了一定的经验,但其制度功能的实现离不开法律的规范与保障。当前流域生态保护补偿的法律调控仍属于薄弱环节,存在长期以政策型立法为主导、流域生态保护补偿法律性质不明、法定标准不清等现实难题,仍待展开深入研讨。研究指出需要在政策与法律双向互动模式下优化立法路径,明晰对增益生态利益行为进行补偿的法律制度定位,将提供高于国家水环境质量法定标准的水体作为补偿启动条件。研究成果对法律体系和法律制度的完善有所裨益,可为流域生态保护补偿长效机制的建立提供支撑,力求对正在制定中的《生态保护补偿条例》相关内容的完善有所借鉴。Watershed ecological compensation is an important system to solve the problem of watershed ecological environment justice and adjust the interests of all parties in the watershed.The theory and practice of watershed ecological compensation in China have accumulated some experiences,but the realization of its institutional function is inseparable from the norms and guarantee of law.At present,the legal regulation of river basin ecological compensation is still a weak link,such as policy-oriented legislation dominating for a long time,unclear legal nature of watershed ecological compensation,unclear legal standards and so on.To strengthen the legal regulation of river basin ecological compensation,we should optimize the legislative path under the two-way interaction mode of policy and law,clarify the legal system positioning of compensation for the behavior of increasing ecological interests,and determine a starting condition of compensation that is higher than the national water environment quality standard.The improvement of the legal system provides support for the establishment of the long-term mechanism of river basin ecological compensation,and strives to be beneficial to the improvement of relevant contents of the regulations on ecological protection compensation being drafted.

关 键 词：流域生态保护补偿 生态补偿立法 法律性质 补偿标准 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]