中耕施药肥对甘蔗病虫防治及生产效果的影响  

Effects of pesticide fertilizer application in inter-tillage period on occurrence of diseases and insect pests and its production effectiveness in sugarcane

作　　者：覃兴云 覃兮然 周慧文[1] 闫海锋[1] 罗含敏 王盛华 钟明浚 莫大强 樊保宁[1] 游建华[1] 李杨瑞[1] 吴建明[1] 丘立杭[1] QIN Xing-yun;QIN Xi-ran;ZHOU Hui-wen;YAN Hai-feng;LUO Han-min;WANG Sheng-hua;ZHONG Ming-jun;MO Da-qiang;FAN Bao-ning;YOU Jian-hua;LI Yang-rui;WU Jian-ming;QIU Li-hang(Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Genetic Improvement/Sugarcane Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning 530007,China;Agricultural Investment Co.Ltd.of Laibin Jinfenghuang,Laibin City of Guangxi,Laibin,Guangxi 546100,China;Research Institute of Laibin Science and Technology Information,Laibin City of Guangxi,Laibin,Guangxi 546100,China)

机构地区：[1]广西甘蔗遗传改良重点实验室/广西农业科学院甘蔗研究所,南宁530007 [2]来宾市金凤凰农业投资有限公司,广西来宾546100 [3]来宾市科学技术情报研究所,广西来宾546100

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2022年第9期2054-2061,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000601);广西科技计划项目(桂科AD19245080);国家现代农业产业技术体系广西创新团队建设项目(nycytxgxcxtd-2021-03-02);广西农业科学院基本科研业务费专项(桂农科2018YT01,桂农科2018JZ014)。

摘　　要：【目的】分析中耕施用药肥对甘蔗病虫害发生及拔节期和成熟期生产效果的影响,为甘蔗科学施用药肥提供参考依据。【方法】以冬季种植的甘蔗品种桂柳05/136为研究对象,参考广西“双高”糖料蔗生产标准,于中耕期(分蘖盛期至分蘖末期)施用6种不同营养配比和药用成分的药肥(分别为A、B、C、D、E和F处理),于5月底至10月底调查各处理蔗苗的主要病虫害发生情况及拔节期植株长速,成熟期调查产量性状,并分析不同处理甘蔗的农业产值。【结果】施用氮(N)、磷(P_(2)O_(5))、钾(K_(2)O)含量≥30%的药肥(A、B、C、D和E处理)对甘蔗分蘖具有促进作用,其中,适当配施有机质(B和D处理)的效果更佳;含有机质药肥(B、D和F处理)对甘蔗黑穗病的间接防效较好,而含度锐药肥(D处理)防控螟虫的效果最佳。此外,施用含有机质成分的药肥(B、D和F处理)既能使甘蔗提早拔节,又能促进甘蔗株高生长,使甘蔗形成较多的有效茎数,进而提高甘蔗单产。在相同肥料成本的前提下,不同药肥处理甘蔗的农业增值达2118.62~9199.31元/hm^(2),其中以D处理的增值最高。【结论】甘蔗中耕期施用药肥对蔗苗病虫害的防控效果与其药用成分、含量及肥料营养配比密切相关;施用药肥均可有效促进甘蔗分蘖,改善甘蔗的生产效果,其中施用N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O含量(17-7-11)≥35%+杀虫单0.10%+噻虫嗪0.10%+有机质≥3%或N、P_(2)O_(5)、K_(2)O含量(13-6-11)≥30%+度锐30 mL+噻虫嗪0.10%+有机质≥15%2种含有机质药肥更有利于提高甘蔗生产效益,可作为甘蔗中耕较佳药肥在广西蔗区推广应用。【Objective】The present paper aimed to analyze the effects of pesticides fertilizer application on the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in sugarcane during inter-tillage period,and their production effects at jointing and maturity stages,so as to provide reference basis for scientific application of pesticide fertilizer in sugarcane.【Method】In this study,sugarcane cultivar Guiliu 05/136 planted in winter was taken as the research material.Referring to the production standard of sugarcane with high yield and high sugar in Guangxi,six different kinds of pesticides fertilizers with nutrient ratios and pesticides components were applied to sugarcane production during the inter-tillage period(from tillering stage to late tillering stage)as different treatments,and they were named as A,B,C,D,E and F,respectively.From May to October,the conditions of major plant diseases and insect pests in sugarcane seedlings under different treatments,and the growth rate of sugarcane plants at elongation stage were investigated.The yield traits were investigated at maturity,and the agricultural output value of sugarcane under different treatments were also analyzed.【Result】Application of pesticides fertilizer with N,P_(2)O_(5),K_(2)O≥30%(A,B,C,D and E treatments)promoted sugarcane tillering,appropriately applying with organic matter in which(B and D treatments)had better effect.At the same time,the smut and borer pest also got better control in sugarcane seedling.The pesticides fertilizer containing organic matter had a better indirect effect on smut,and which containing chlorantraniliprole and thiamethoxam could prevent and control borers in best.In addition,the application of pesticides fertilizers containing organic matter(B,D and F treatments)could not only promote the elongation of sugarcane stem in advance,but also promote rapidly growth for plants,and to form more millable canes,then increase their yield per unit area.Under the premise of the same cost of fertilizer,the agricultural increased of sugarcane tr

关 键 词：甘蔗 中耕期 药肥 病虫害防治 产量 经济效益 

分 类 号：S566.1[农业科学—作物学]