昌宁县茶园土壤养分及肥力质量评价  

Soil nutrients and fertility quality evaluation of tea garden in Changning county

作　　者：万人源 周大鹏 杨恺 和明珠 李金秋 谢瑾 李家华[1] 杨广容[1] WAN Ren-yuan;ZHOU Da-peng;YANG Kai;HE Ming-zhu;LI Jin-qiu;XIE Jin;LI Jia-hua;YANG Guang-rong(College of Tea,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Tea Technology Extension Station of Changning Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Changning,Yunnan 678100,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学茶学院,昆明650201 [2]昌宁县农业农村局茶叶技术推广站,云南昌宁678100

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2022年第9期2114-2123,共10页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31660225);国家现代农业茶叶产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-19)。

摘　　要：【目的】了解茶园土壤肥力水平特征,是茶园土壤科学施肥和改良的重要依据。为明确昌宁县茶园土壤养分及茶园土壤肥力质量。【方法】通过分析测定昌宁县8个乡(镇)茶叶种植区代表性茶园土壤pH、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾以及有效性微量元素铁、锰、铜、锌共12项指标,并采用模糊数学方法,计算各个样本土壤肥力综合指数(IFI),对昌宁县茶园土壤养分特征与土壤肥力质量进行综合评价。【结果】昌宁县茶园土壤pH为4.23~5.19,除勐统镇为Ⅱ级土壤水平外,其余乡(镇)均达到Ⅰ级土壤水平,整体适宜茶树生长。有机质含量丰富,为26.35~84.70 g/kg,8个乡(镇)茶园土壤有机质含量均达到Ⅰ级标准。氮磷钾全量分别为0.56~3.55、0.26~0.97和5.83~12.34 g/kg,碱解氮、速效磷和速效钾含量分别为70.29~212.63、0.40~48.04和4.68~71.65 mg/kg,茶园土壤氮含量丰富,全钾、全磷处于中上水平,但速效钾含量偏低,8个乡(镇)茶园土壤速效钾含量均只达到Ⅲ级土壤标准,部分茶园土壤速效磷含量亏缺。茶园土壤有效铁含量偏高,均值达95.62 mg/kg;有效锌含量适宜,均值为2.33 mg/kg;有效锰和有效铜含量偏低,分别为5.55和0.95 mg/kg。昌宁县茶园土壤的IFI平均值为0.485,除翁堵乡、更戛乡和温泉乡茶园土壤肥力质量为Ⅱ级外,其余乡(镇)茶园土壤肥力质量等级为Ⅲ级,整体处于中上水平,其中碱解氮、有机质、有效铁与IFI指数呈显著相关(P<0.05),全氮、全磷、速效磷和速效钾和有效铜锰锌与IFI指数呈极显著相关(P<0.01)。【结论】在昌宁县茶园土壤管理中应合理增施磷钾肥及含铜锰微量元素的茶叶专用复合肥。【Objective】Understanding the characteristics of tea garden soil fertility level is an important basis for scientific fertilization and improvement of tea garden soil.This study aimed to clarify the soil nutrients and the soil fertility quality of tea gardens in Changning county.【Method】A total of 12 indexes including soil pH,organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,and available trace elements iron,manganese,copper and zinc of the representative tea planting areas of eight townships in Changning county were analyzed and measured,thereafter the soil fertility comprehensive index(IFI)of each sample was calculated by fuzzy mathematical method,therefore the soil nutrient characteristics and soil fertility quality of the tea gardens in Changning county were comprehensively evaluated.【Result】The soil pH of tea garden in Changning county was between 4.23 and 5.19,except the grade II soil level of Mengtong town,the other townships had reached the grade I soil level,which was suitable for the growth of tea trees.Moreover,the organic matter content was rich,ranging from 26.35 to 84.70 g/kg,which reached the grade I standard.Furthermore,the total amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium were 0.56-3.55,0.26-0.97 and 5.83-12.34 g/kg,respectively,and the contents of alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were 70.29-212.63,0.40-48.04 and 4.68-71.65 mg/kg,respectively.The tea garden soil was rich in nitrogen,with total potassium and total phosphorus was at the middle and upper levels,but the available potassium content was relatively low,the available potassium content of the tea garden soil in the eight townships(towns)only reached the level III soil standard,and the available phosphorus content in some tea garden soil was deficient.Additionally,the available iron content in the tea garden soil was high,with an average value of 95.62 mg/kg;The available zinc content was moderate,with an average value

关 键 词：茶园土壤 有机质 氮磷钾 铁铜锌锰 肥力评价 

分 类 号：S571[农业科学—作物学]