深圳市地表水质对植被覆盖的响应  

Response of Surface Water Quality to Vegetation Cover in Shenzhen City

作　　者：童晓霞[1,2] 王家乐[1,2] 蒲坚 张文杰[1,2] 黄金权[1,2] 许文盛[1,2] 王志刚[1,2] TONG Xiao-xia;WANG Jia-le;PU Jian;ZHANG Wen-jie;HUANG Jin-quan;XU Wen-sheng;WANG Zhi-gang(Soil and Water Conservation Department,Yangtze River Science Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China;Technological Research Center on Mountain Torrent and Geological Disaster Prevention under Ministry of Water Resources,Yangtze River Science Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]长江科学院水土保持研究所,武汉430010 [2]长江科学院水利部山洪地质灾害防治工程技术研究中心,武汉430010

出　　处：《长江科学院院报》2022年第11期55-60,共6页Journal of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute

基　　金：深圳市水务发展专项资金项目(CKSK2017819/TB,CKSK2017820/TB)。

摘　　要：探讨植被覆盖与地表水质的关系,可为有效防控非点源污染和改善地表水质提供技术依据。基于实测地表水质数据和遥感解译植被覆盖情况,通过内梅罗综合污染指数评价地表水质,并建立其与植被覆盖度及空间分布格局的关系,对深圳市地表水质对植被覆盖的响应关系进行了深入分析。结果表明,地表水质对植被覆盖度的响应显著,地表水质内梅罗污染指数、总氮、总磷浓度均随上游汇水区内植被覆盖度的增加而降低,减少速率呈现出由快变慢的整体趋势;当植被覆盖度<30%时降低速率较快,当植被覆盖度>30%时降低速率减缓。可以认为植被覆盖度对地表水质的净化存在一个临界点,即植被覆盖度率达到30%时,地表水质会有显著的改善。植被空间格局对水质也有一定影响,当植被分布在汇水区下游,特别是滨水区时,对地表水质的净化作用更显著。根据以上研究结果,建议在城市空间规划和生产建设项目水土流失防治中宜将绿地率和林草覆盖率设置在30%左右,并优先布置在汇水区下游,特别是濒临河流、水库的区域。The relationship between vegetation cover and surface water quality could serve as a technical basis for effective prevention and control of non-point source pollution and improvement of surface water quality.The response of surface water quality to vegetation cover in the city of Shenzhen was investigated indepth by evaluating the surface water quality with the Nemerow’s Pollution Index(NPI)and establishing the relations between surface water quality and vegetation cover and its spatial distribution pattern based on measured surface water quality data and remote sensing image data.Results demonstrate that surface water quality responses notably to vegetation coverage.The NPI,total nitrogen(TN)and total phosphorus(TP)concentrations reduced with the increase of vegetation coverage in the upstream catchment of the study area.Such reduction presented an overall trend from rapid to slow:when vegetation coverage was below 30%,the reduction was rapid,and when vegetation coverage was over 30%,the reduction was slow.The vegetation coverage of 30% can be regarded as a critical point for surface water purification,i.e.,when the vegetation coverage reaches 30%,surface water quality will be significantly improved.In addtion,the spatial distribution pattern of land use also has an impact on water quality.When vegetation is distributed in the downstream of catchment area,especially in the waterfront area,the purification effect on surface water would be more significant.According to the research results,we suggested that in urban spatial planning and soil erosion prevention and control of production and construction projects,the green land rate and vegetation coverage should be set at about 30%,and priority should be given to the downstream of the catchment area,especially the area near rivers and reservoirs.

关 键 词：地表水质 土地利用 植被覆盖 内梅罗污染指数 空间分布格局 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]