绥芬河河蟹种质遗传多样性参数优化  

Optimization of Genetic Diversity Analysis Parameters of Mitten Handed Crab in Suifen River

作　　者：王世会[1,2] 罗亮 张瑞[1,2] 郭坤 徐伟 张旭彬 赵志刚[1,2] WANG Shihui;LUO Liang;ZHANG Rui;GUO Kun;XU Wei;ZHANG Xubin;ZHAO Zhigang(Key Open Laboratory of Cold Water Fish Germplasm Resources and Breeding of Heilongjiang Province,Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Harbin 150070,China;Engineering Technology Research Center of Saline-alkaline Water Fisheries(Harbin),CAFS,Harbin 150070,China;Heilongjiang Province Fisheries Technology Extension Center,Harbin 150010,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所黑龙江省冷水性鱼类种质资源及增养殖重点开放实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150070 [2]中国水产科学研究院盐碱水域渔业工程技术研究中心(哈尔滨),黑龙江哈尔滨150070 [3]黑龙江省水产技术推广总站,黑龙江哈尔滨150010

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2022年第5期18-26,共9页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(HSY202008Q);中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(2021XT05、2021TD56);国家重点研发计划(2020WED0900402).

摘　　要：为优化绥芬河河蟹种质遗传多样性参数,2020年9月在黑龙江省东宁市绥芬河流域(131.18°E,44.07°N)采用地笼捕捉河蟹(Eriocheir)成蟹60只(♀∶♂=1∶1),体质量在100~150 g之间,筛选20个多态性高的位点,通过DNA提取、PCR扩增和毛细管电泳等技术方法,探究不同样本量、位点数和性别比对遗传多样性参数的影响。结果表明:60个样本组与30~50个样本组、20个样本组、10个样本组的平均等位基因数(N_(a))存在显著性差异(P<0.05);50~60个样本组与20~40个样本组、10个样本组的平均有效等位基因数(N_(e))存在显著性差异(P<0.05);30~60样本组与20样本组、10样本组平均香农威纳指数(I)存在显著性差异(P<0.05)。不同样本组的平均观测杂合度(H_(o))、期望杂合度(H_(e))和多态性信息含量(PIC)则无显著性差异(P>0.05)。不同位点数和性别比的平均N_(a)、N_(e)、H_(o)、H_(e)、PIC和I均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。综上,满足绥芬河河蟹种质遗传多样性分析实验要求的参数信息为:样本量30个以上,位点数10个以上,性别比无要求。虽然提高样本量和位点数会增加遗传多样性参数的精确性,但也会显著增加实验试剂耗材和人力成本。因此,分析绥芬河河蟹种质遗传多样性的最优方案是:保证样本量30个左右,位点数10个左右。In order to optimize genetic diversity parameters of germplasm of mitten handed crab(Eriocheir sp.)in Suifen River,60 adult individuals(♀∶♂=1∶1)of mitten handed crab with body weight between 100 g and 150 g were caught by a trap in Suifen River Basin(131.18°E,44.07°N)in Dongning City,Heilongjiang Province in September 2020,screening 20 sites with high polymorphism,to evaluate the influence on different sample sizes,locus number,and gender genetic diversity parameters through DNA extraction,PCR amplification,capillary electrophoresis and other technical methods.The results showed that there were significant differences in the mean number of alleles(N_(a))values among 60 individuals,30~50 individuals,20 individuals and 10 individuals(P<0.05),with significant difference in mean effective number of alleles(N_(e))in 50~60 individuals from that in 20~40 individuals and 10 individuals(P<0.05),and in mean Shannon Wiener Index(I)among 30~60 individuals,20 individuals and 10 individuals(P<0.05).No significant difference was observed in the mean observed heterozygosity(H_(o)),expected heterozygosity(H_(e))and polymorphism information content(PIC)in different individuals(P>0.05).There were no significant differences in the mean values of N_(a),N_(e),H_(o),H_(e),PIC and I among different loci and gender ratios(P>0.05).In summary,the parameter information for genetic diversity analysis of Suifen River mitten crab germplasm was qualified with more than 30 individuals and 10 loci,and no requirement for gender ratio.Increase in the individual and locus numbers will improve the accuracy of genetic diversity parameters,but will led to enhance significantly the cost of experimental reagent supplies and labor.Therefore,the optimal experimental plan including 30 individuals and 10 loci are recommended for analysis of germplasm genetic diversity of mitten handed crab in Suifen River.

关 键 词：绥芬河河蟹 种质 遗传多样性 参数 

分 类 号：S917[农业科学—水产科学]