连环湖(铁哈拉泡)人工鱼巢增殖效果研究  

Proliferation Effects of Artificial Fish Egg Collectors in Lianhuan Lake(Tiehala Lake)

作　　者：赵晨 丛艳锋 王乐[1] 宋聃[1] 都雪[1] 孙佳伟 黄晓丽[1] 王慧博 张澜澜 霍堂斌[1] ZHAO Chen;CONG Yanfeng;WANG Le;SONG Dan;DU Xue;SUN Jiawei;HUANG Xiaoli;WANG Huibo;ZHANG Lanlan;HUO Tangbin(Heilongjiang River Basin Fishery Ecological Environment Monitoring Center,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Harbin 150070,China;Fisheries Technological Extension Station of Dulbert Mongolian Autonomous County,Daqing 166200,China;Heilongjiang Provincial Fishery Technical Extension Center,Harbin 150040,China;Dalian Ocean University,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所,农业农村部黑龙江流域渔业生态环境监测中心,黑龙江哈尔滨150070 [2]杜尔伯特蒙古族自治县水产总站,黑龙江大庆166200 [3]黑龙江省水产技术推广总站,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [4]大连海洋大学,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2022年第5期56-63,共8页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“蓝色粮仓科技创新”专项“平原湖泊渔业资源养护技术与模式示范”(2020YFD0900501);农业农村部财政专项“东北地区重点水域渔业资源与环境调查”.

摘　　要：2021年5—7月在连环湖的铁哈拉泡产卵场示范区,布设棕榈片和柳树须根两种材料的人工鱼巢,评价人工鱼巢的增殖效果,并分析材料及环境因素对鱼巢增殖效果的影响。将5~7片棕榈片或3~5束柳树须根用铁丝固定在150 cm的竹竿上,展开直径约30 cm,竹竿间隔20 cm,两端系在打入泥中的钢管上固定,20个单元连接成一组长度为10 m的人工鱼巢。研究期间共监测到铁哈拉泡亲鱼产卵14个批次,3次高峰均在6月,人工鱼巢共附着鱼卵122万余粒,分子鉴定为鲤(Cyprinus carpio)、银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)、红鳍原鲌(Culterichthys ergthropterus)和麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva)4种鱼类,根据受精卵孵化率推算,可孵化鱼苗87万尾。按照鱼苗在自然水体5%的成活率估算,可增殖4.35万尾鱼类,初步估算每个鱼巢单元平均可实现年产值96元,利润率高达860%。单因素方差分析表明,人工鱼巢的附卵均数及有卵比例在不同材料产卵基间存在显著性差异(P<0.05),用棕榈片制作鱼巢更适用于连环湖水域。人工鱼巢增殖效果与环境因子的Pearson相关性分析表明,附卵数量与总磷、水温呈负相关,与总氮、氨氮、高锰酸钾指数、碱度呈正相关,但相关性不显著(P>0.05)。Artificial fish egg collectors made of palm flakes and willow fibrous roots were set up at the adhesive egg fish spawning ground in Tiehala in Lianhuan Lake From May to July 2021 to evaluate the proliferation effect of artificial fish egg collectors,and to analyze the influence of collector materials and environmental factors on the proliferation of fish egg collectors.About 5~7 pieces of palm or 3~5 bunches of willow fibrous roots were fixed on a 150 cm length bamboo pole with iron wire,with diameter of about 30 cm,and the bamboo poles were separated by 20 cm to connect into a set of 10 m long artificial fish egg collectors.A total of 14 batches of parent fish were observed to spawn on artificial fish egg collectors with three times spawning peaks in June.There are more than 1.22 million fish eggs attached to the artificial fish egg collectors,and all of the fish eggs were identified as common carp Cyprinus carpio,silver crucian carp Carassius auratus gibelio,whitefish Cultrichthys erythropterus and topmouth minnow Pseudorasbora parva by molecular techniques.Approximately 0.87 million of fish larvae were hatched,and 43.5 thousands of fish juveniles were recruited according to 5%survival rate in natural lakes,it can supply.It was estimated that the average annual output value of each fish egg collector unit can reach 96 RMB,with the profit rate of 860%.There was statistically significant difference in egg adhesion ratio and the number of eggs in each fish egg collector between material(P<0.05),with the most suitable fish egg collector made of palm flakes in Lianhuan Lake.Pearson correlation coefficient revealed that the effect of artificial fish egg collectors was not significantly correlated with water environmental factors.The number of attached eggs was negatively correlated with total phosphorus content and water temperature,and positively correlated with contents of total nitrogen,ammonium,and chemical oxygen demand,and alkalinity.

关 键 词：连环湖 人工鱼巢 增殖效果 孵化 

分 类 号：S964.4[农业科学—水产养殖]