鱼类生长分子标记的研究进展  

Research Progress on Molecular Markers of Fish Growth:A Review

作　　者：李文文 王炳谦[1] 黄天晴 谷伟[1] 刘恩慧 刘洋[1] 姜再胜 徐革锋[1] LI Wenwen;WANG Bingqian;HUANG Tianqing;GU Wei;LIU Enhui;LIU Yang;JIANG Zaisheng;XU Gefeng(Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Biotechnology and Cultivation,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Heilongjiang Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Harbin 150010,China;School of Fisheries and Life Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;Xuancheng Fishery Technology Extension Station,Anhui Province,Xuancheng 242000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院黑龙江水产研究所,农业农村部淡水鱼生物技术与养殖重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150010 [2]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海200120 [3]安徽省宣城水产技术推广站,安徽宣城201306

出　　处：《水产学杂志》2022年第5期111-117,共7页Chinese Journal of Fisheries

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(HSY202103M);现代农业产业技术体系专项资金项目(CARS-46);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(HSY202010Q);中国水产科学研究院科研业务费项目(2020TD32).

摘　　要：水产养殖对象生长良好、性能优越是衡量产业发展的重要指标和推进水产养殖业发展的重中之重。分子标记是近年来快速发展起来的筛选和鉴定鱼类生长性状的新工具,经历了几代技术革新。利用分子标记技术构建养殖鱼基因图谱、种质鉴定、相关位点定位和选择目的基因等,可提高水产养殖业的经济效益。本文综述了三代分子标记技术的原理、方法及优缺点,归纳了近些年国内外限制性长度多态性(RFLP)、随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)、扩增片段长度多态性(AFLP)、简单重复序列(SSR)、内部简单重复序列(ISSR)、单核苷酸多态性(SNP)和表达序列标签(EST)等分子标记技术与PCR、转录组测序等技术应用于养殖鱼类的选择性育种、性别标记、基因定位、种群结构分析、遗传多样性分析、疾病检测、提高增长率等实践领域。选育出生长性状良好并稳定遗传的个体,能够显著提高水产品的质量,满足人们的生活需求,大力推进水产养殖产业,为未来水产养殖业的迅猛发展奠定理论基础。The growth traits of aquaculture organisms with good growth conditions and superior performance as an important indicator to measure its industrial development are the key to promoting the development of aquaculture.Molecular marker is a new tool that developed rapidly in recent years for screening and identifying fish growth traits.Principles methods,advantages and disadvantages of the three generation molecular marker technologies are summarized in this review,especially integrated application of RFLP(Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism),RAPD(Random amplified polymorphic DNA),AFLP(Amplified fragment length polymorphism),SSR(Simple Sequence Repeats),ISSR(Inter-simple sequence repeat),SNP(Single nucleotide polymorphism),EST(Expressed Sequence Tags)combined with PCR and transcriptome sequencing in the practical fields including selective breeding,gender marker,population structure analysis,genetic diversity analysis,disease detection and the increase of growth rate.Breeding individuals with good growth traits and stable genetics have capacity to significantly improve the quality of aquatic products to meet people’s daily needs,thus vigorously promoting the aquaculture industry and laying a theoretical foundation for the rapid development of aquaculture in the future.

关 键 词：水产鱼类 生长 辅助育种 分子标记 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]