司法权统一性问题研究——以司法权的判断权本质为中心  

Research on the Unity of Judicial Power——Centering on the Nature of Right of Judgement

作　　者：周舜隆 ZHOU Shun-long(Department of Law,Nantong University,Nantong 226019,China)

机构地区：[1]南通大学法律系,江苏南通226019

出　　处：《南通大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第6期109-121,共13页Journal of Nantong University:Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：江苏高校哲学社会科学研究一般项目“陕甘宁边区司法调解制度研究”(2022SJYB1739);南通社会科学基金项目“市域治理中的人格权司法保护研究”(2022CNT040);南通大学长江经济带研究院区域政策与法律研究所资助。

摘　　要：法院司法权是以判断权为核心,外围包括审理权、裁处权、自由裁量权、执行权、人财物的管理保障等一系列子权力的综合性权力。司法权区别于其他权力是由于它的本质是判断权,因此,它的所有特性包括统一性应从判断权中去发掘。司法审判尤其是疑难复杂、新类型案件的裁判中包含法官个体的价值判断和主观意志。不同的法官意志带来了法律实践层面的统一难题,这也是司法权统一性问题的本质和渊薮。解决这一问题的根本方法是建构并完善现代审级制度,实现司法权逐级向上归集、统一。此外,司法权大体区分为司法审判权和司法行政权。两者之间有区隔,亦有无法割断的牵连,由此司法权形成了异质、二元的矩阵结构,产生了司法审判权自下而上、被动、谦抑的审级制度统一方法与司法行政权自上而下、主动、积极的科层制度统一方法相结合的独特统一模式。法院去地方化、去行政化、实现法律统一适用的改革应遵循这种独特模式的规律,在完善现代审级制度的基础上,构筑整全、区隔的司法行政管理体系,才能圆满达成司法权的统一性,使司法权从本质上成为中央事权。The judicial power of the court is a comprehensive power with the power of judgment as the core, and its periphery includes a series of sub powers such as the trial power, the adjudicative power, the discretionary power, the executive power, and the management and supportability of personnel, outlay and property. The reason why judicial power is different from other powers is that its essence is the right of judgment. Therefore, all its characteristics, including its unity, should be explored from the right of judgment. The judicial judgment, especially the judgment of difficult,complicated and new-type cases, contains the value judgment and subjective will of individual judges. Different judges’ wills bring about the problem of unity in legal practice, which is also the essence and origin of the unity of judicial power. The fundamental solution to this problem is to construct and improve the modern trial level system, so as to realize the progressive collection and unification of judicial power. On the other hand, judicial power is generally divided into judicial jurisdiction and judicial administration. There is a gap between the two and also an unbreakable entanglement, so the judicial power has formed a heterogeneous, binary matrix structure. Thus, a unique unified model was created, which combines the bottom-up, passive and modest unified method of trial level system of judicial jurisdiction with the top-down, active and positive unified method of bureaucratic system of judicial administration. In order to achieve the unity of the judicial power and make the judicial power the central authority in essence, the reform of the courts’ delocalization, de-administration and realizing the uniform application of the law should follow the rule of this unique model and build a complete and separate judicial administration organization system on the basis of improving the modern trial level system.

关 键 词：司法权 判断权 司法行政权 统一性 

分 类 号：D916[政治法律—法学]